Pennsylvania State University

Policy Window as a Trapdoor: Rethinking the Multiple Streams Framework through the Defunding of U.S. Public Media

This article analyses the 2025 defunding of U.S. public media as a critical case to revisit Kingdon’s multiple streams framework (MSF). While MSF offers a useful heuristic for understanding policy change through the convergence of problem, policy, and political streams, its expla...

Childcare in Transition: Evidence That Patterns of Childcare Differ by Degree of Market Integration in Northwestern Tanzania

Highlights This study uses novel data on multiple childcare types from both kin and nonkin in two culturally similar communities with varying market integration. It tests the hypothesis that market integration is associated with reduced kin support. Who provides support and the t...

Observation of erratic non-Hermitian skin localization and transport

Abstract Localization is a pervasive phenomenon across physics, shaping transport from electrons in solids to light and sound in engineered media. In traditional settings, disorder strongly impedes transport, resulting in dynamical localization or, at best, sub-ballistic or diffu...

Relating biomarkers and phenotypes using dynamical trap spaces

Connecting the dynamics of biomolecular networks to experimentally measurable cell phenotypes remains a central challenge in systems biology. Here, we introduce a model-based definition of phenotype as a partial steady state that is committed to a certain dynamical outcome while...

Little Red Dots host Black Hole Stars: A unified family of gas-reddened AGN revealed by JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy

Abstract We construct and characterise a sample of 146 little red dots (LRDs) across 2.0 < z < 9.3, selecting all sources with v-shaped UV-optical continua from JWST NIRSpec/PRISM spectra and compact morphologies in NIRCam/F444W imaging. We show that LRD continuum spectra are wel...

Imaging Earth’s subsurface with thunderstorm-generated seismic waves

Thunder generates atmospheric acoustic waves that couple into the ground, producing seismic signals called “thunderquakes.” Although widely observed, this atmosphere-solid Earth conversion has rarely been exploited for imaging because the coupled wavefield is complex and its gove...

Nuclear mitochondrial sequences in great ape Telomere-to-Telomere genomes

Mitochondrial sequences have integrated into the nuclear genome since the origin of eukaryotes. Recent insertions that retain homology to extant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), termed NUMTs, confound mtDNA sequence analysis. Here, we use great ape Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) genomes to...

How Important Is Internal Information Asymmetry for Firm-Level Productivity?

Theoretical research suggests internal information asymmetry (IIA) between top managers and divisional managers can reduce productivity by distorting internal resource allocation. The net effect, however, is unclear because IIA also reflects valuable private information within di...

Near-Adjacent HeavyLanthanide Separation and SensingUsing Dimerizing Lanmodulins

Abstract Protein-based recovery, detection, and separation of rare earth elements (REs) have accelerated since the discovery of the lanmodulin (LanM) proteins. While exceptional at total RE recovery, prior proteins, like most ligands, exhibited limited ability to differentiate RE...

PD-1 regulates CD4+ T cell-mediated CD8+ T cell responses in the brain to balance viral control and neuroinflammation

Abstract Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is expressed by T cells during progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a life-threatening brain disease caused by the human-only JC polyomavirus. Why PD-1 blockade finds variable success in PML patients is unclear. Brain C...

DOSE: An open-source, iOS watch-based tool for experience sampling

Smartwatches facilitate low-burden rapid-access micro-interactions, making them ideal for Experience Sampling Methods (ESMs). Despite the Apple Watch being the most popular smartwatch in the U.S., it has yet to be utilized in ESM studies due to a lack of accessible frameworks tha...

Local Chemistry-Guided Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of SnSe on MgO via Combined ReaxFF Modeling and Machine Learning

Subtle variations in local growth chemistry can fundamentally alter the morphology of layered chalcogenide thin films, yet the atomic-scale mechanisms underlying this sensitivity remain poorly understood. Here, we combine molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) experiments, reactive molecul...

CircularlyPolarized Luminescence in Terbium-Lanmodulin:Disentangling the Effects of Primary Coordination Sphere and ChromophoreGeometry

Abstract The rational design of highly efficient circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) emitters requires a detailed understanding of the mechanisms governing chiroptical metrics. In particular, the ability to deconvolute the contributions from static and dynamic coupling is cri...

Newcomer and Incumbent Exit After Comobility Hiring Events

ABSTRACT Newcomers comprise substantial portions of modern workforces, yet they represent high exit risks due to their lack of embeddedness in their new firms. Organizations often source new employees via comobility, wherein newcomers join simultaneously from another firm. Despit...

Association Between Changes in Perceived Neighborhood and Cognitive Performance Within Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS) Black Adults

Perceived neighborhood characteristics are related to cognitive performance. However, limited studies have examined how changes in neighborhood characteristics relate to cognitive performance, particularly among Black adults who are likely to experience changes in their residenti...

Changes in deer hunter satisfaction under special antlerless harvest regulations in Pennsylvania, USA

Abstract Management of white‐tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) to control their consumptive effects on understory forest vegetation has been a long‐standing challenge in Pennsylvania, USA. In 2003, the Pennsylvania Game Commission implemented the Deer Management Assistance P...

A generalized supervised contrastive learning framework for integrative multi-omics prediction models

Abstract Recent technological advances have highlighted the significant impact of the human microbiome and metabolites on physiological conditions. Integrating microbiome and metabolite data has shown promise in predictive capabilities. We developed a new supervised contrastive l...

Bayesian Inference for the Automultinomial Model With an Application to Landcover Data

ABSTRACT Multicategory lattice data arise in a wide variety of disciplines such as image analysis, biology, and forestry. We consider modeling such data with the automultinomial model, which can be viewed as a natural extension of the autologistic model to multicategory responses...

Data-Driven Methodologies For Pressure Probe Calibration: Integrating Symbolic Regression With Gaussian Process Regression

Abstract This study presents a unified data-driven calibration framework for five-hole pressure probes that combines symbolic regression with Gaussian process regression to improve accuracy, generalization, and interpretability across low-subsonic operating conditions (0.05 ≥ Ma...

Small Business Judging Judges

We find that shifts toward more liberal (i.e., less probusiness) courts predict reductions in local small business activity. A one-standard-deviation increase in liberal ideology predicts a 1% reduction in firm count relative to bordering counties in different federal court juris...