Open Source Science Project

The Theory of Data: An Introduction

The Theory of Data describes analytical quantities independently of their storage and execution. It asks which analytical points exist, what a quantity means at those points, which transformations preserve its meaning, and what information supports a later calculation. This intro...

Frame-QL: An Introduction

Frame-QL is a storage-independent query language for declaring a governed analytical result. The requester names the analytical quantities to be returned, declares the final anchor at which the result frame should exist, and states conditions that shape the request. The requester...

Governing Across Ontological Worlds

Governing Across Ontological Worlds develops an architectural argument for enterprise AI systems that must operate across business meaning, governed analytical data, and material data systems. The paper begins from a distinction among three ontological worlds: the Business World...

RRR: Reflexive Role Routing

Reflexive Role Routing (RRR) is an architecture designed to solve the role-execution commitment gap in multi-agent LLM systems. Core Problem: Current multi-agent frameworks assign roles statically or turn-by-turn. If an executing agent diverges or pursues a flawed trajectory, the...

Analytical Governance: Governing the Legitimacy of the Analytical Service

Analytics exists to serve a user with a purpose. Analytical Governance is the discipline governing the legitimacy of that analytical service: preserving the user's purpose, establishing the analytical result under the relevant analytical law and support, and carrying no more auth...

The Theory of Certainty

The Theory of Certainty develops a concise framework for analytical and operational reliance. Its central claim is that the same expectation can rest on different grounds of certainty, and those grounds are not interchangeable. The paper distinguishes three important families of...

Frame-QL: An Introduction

Frame-QL is a query language for declaring a governed analytical result. The requester names the analytical quantities to be returned, declares the final anchor at which the result frame should exist, and states conditions that shape the request, without prescribing the relationa...

Frame-QL: An Introduction

An introduction to Frame-QL as a query language for declaring governed analytical results rather than relational production procedures. The paper explains why the requested output frame can be the query; how AT declares the final output anchor while expression-local @ {…} pins an...

Data Has Its Own Ontology

Ontology has moved to the center of AI engineering and data architecture. Organizations increasingly encode customers, accounts, products, contracts, events, actions, and business rules as machine-readable objects and relationships. Semantic-layer architecture likewise places sha...

Data Has Its Own Ontology

Ontology has moved to the center of AI engineering and data architecture. Organizations increasingly encode customers, accounts, products, contracts, events, actions, and business rules as machine-readable objects and relationships. Semantic-layer architecture likewise places sha...

Reading Statistical Rethinking Through the Statistical Bridge

Richard McElreath's Statistical Rethinking teaches Bayesian modeling through a wider discipline of scientific reasoning. The golem metaphor limits the authority of statistical machinery. Small worlds and large worlds separate formal coherence from scientific adequacy. Generative...

A Primer on the Theory of Data

A table is a container. Rows and columns are an arrangement within that container.SQL is a language for manipulating the arrangement. Numbers and strings are rep-resentations used to store values. All are useful, but none tells us what makes a dataobject exist, what gives it mean...

The Statistical Bridge

A business asks for average revenue per active customer this quarter, with a standard error. The analyst has login events, transaction events, customer identifiers, and a familiar formula. Every arithmetic step can be correct while the analysis has not established what one custom...

The Statistical Bridge

A business asks for average revenue per active customer this quarter, with a standard error. The analyst has login events, transaction events, customer identifiers, and a familiar formula. Every arithmetic step can be correct while the analysis has not established what one custom...

Where Does Probability Live?

The frequentist-Bayesian divide is usually introduced as a dispute about the meaning of probability, the status of parameters, priors, repeated sampling, or the interpretation of intervals. Those disagreements are real, but they begin after an earlier statistical problem has alre...

The Theory of Data

A value is not yet data. The number 42 becomes data only when it is bound to something it is about: age = 42, and more completely, John's age = 42. This simple observation leads to a larger problem. Analytical systems manipulate values easily, but they often leave implicit the an...

Frame-QL: An Introduction

Frame-QL is a query language for declaring a governed analytical result. The requester names theanalytical objects to be returned, declares the anchor at which the result frame should exist, and statesthe conditions that shape it. The requester does not prescribe the relational o...

The Statistical Bridge: From Events to Spines, Data Work, and the Interpretation of Results

The Statistical Bridge develops a Theory-of-Data architecture for the interface between operational data and formal statistical reasoning. The central problem is not usually inside the estimator or theorem itself, but in the passage by which operational occurrences, records, iden...

Reading Statistical Rethinking Through the Statistical Bridge

Reading Statistical Rethinking Through the Statistical Bridge examines Richard McElreath's Statistical Rethinking through the architecture of The Statistical Bridge and Regime Has a Contract, and places that reading beside an empirically oriented tradition represented by algorith...

Regime Has a Contract: Intervention, Observation, and the Data Foundation of Causal Identification

The Theory of Data distinguishes event and spine universes by their point-existence laws but does not, by that distinction alone, specify how values are generated at those points. This paper introduces regime as a separate governed object: the value-generation arrangement under w...