Medical University of Vienna

Structural framework for the assembly of the human tRNA ligase complex

Abstract In human cells, a subset of tRNA-encoding genes contain introns. These are removed by a spliceosome-independent pathway in which the tRNA splicing endonuclease complex catalyzes intron excision. The resulting exons are subsequently ligated by the tRNA-ligase complex (tRN...

Dental Procedure-Related Emphysema: A Scoping Review of Clinical Presentation, Anatomical Distribution, Management, and Outcomes

Background/Objectives: Dental procedure-related emphysema is an infrequently reported complication of dental care that may extend from superficial facial tissues into deep cervical, mediastinal, orbital, thoracic, intracranial, or vascular compartments. This revised scoping revie...

Effects of a three-month exercise programme on cognition, mood and neurogenesis: the NeuroFit randomised controlled trial

Abstract Middle age represents a critical window for mental and cognitive change, yet it remains relatively understudied as a target period for preventative lifestyle interventions. We conducted a three-month randomised controlled trial in healthy middle-aged adults in the UK ( n...

Clinical outcomes of bivalirudin and heparin in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Managing anticoagulation during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) remains a persistent clinical challenge due to the narrow margin between life-threatening hemorrhage and thrombotic occlusion. While bivalirudin has gained traction as a promising alternative to...

Entrustable professional activities for medical students and graduates of Austrian medical universities

Summary Background Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) translate competency-based medical education into observable clinical work and can clarify expectations at the undergraduate-postgraduate transition. In Austria, undergraduate EPA implementation has been heterogeneous,...

Transverse Myelitis and Guillain–Barré Syndrome in Pediatric Lymphoid Malignancies: An International Retrospective Study

Central and peripheral neurotoxicity after methotrexate is a rare but challenging complication of therapy for pediatric lymphoid malignancies. In this Ponte-di-Legno Toxicity Working Group and international Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster Group study, we describe nine children and adole...

Duration of Resuscitation and Survival of Pediatric Traumatic Cardiac Arrest

Objectives: To evaluate the association between resuscitation duration and survival from pediatric traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA). Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted. CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched from January 1, 2000, to January 31, 2026. Eligible studies includ...

Parvovirus B19 infections in paediatric sickle cell disease patients: Genotype and hydroxyurea treatment influence disease severity

Summary In patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), parvovirus B19 infection (B19V) leads to acute anaemia (aplastic crisis), but may also be associated with other serious complications. We retrospectively analysed clinical data from paediatric SCD patients with B19V infections b...

Association of three different dietary patterns with the metabolomic profiles of children: the BiomarKid project

Abstract Background and aims Metabolomics offers a promising approach to objectively assess food intake and nutrition-related health risks. Three different dietary patterns (DPs) associated with cardiometabolic health were previously identified at 2 years of age in the EU Childho...

Prospective Evaluation Of Visual Performance Of A Novel Partial Depth Of Field Intraocular Lens Using A Monovision Strategy

Purpose: To assess visual and patient-reported outcomes of a partial-depth of field (DOFi) intraocular lens (IOL) using a monovision strategy. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Design: Single-center, prospective, cl...

Rehabilitation and the post-intensive care syndrome across the recovery continuum: a narrative review

Purpose Improved survival from critical illness has produced a growing population of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors with new or worsened physical, cognitive, and mental-health impairment, defined as post-intensive care syndrome (PICS), and frequent distress among families/ca...

Missed opportunities: delayed in-hospital palliative care consultations in patients with non-metastatic cancers

Abstract Background Cancer is a leading cause of death, often accompanied by significant symptom burden. Palliative care (PC) improves quality of life, clarifies treatment goals, and prevents unnecessary interventions at the end of life. While metastatic disease is considered inc...

Prognostic Role of Adverse Events in a Worldwide Population of Patients with Biliary Tract Cancer Treated with Chemo-Immunotherapy

Background: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are aggressive malignancies with limited treatment options. The addition of durvalumab or pembrolizumab to cisplatin–gemcitabine improves overall survival (OS), but validated biomarkers of benefit remain limited. Immune-mediated adverse ev...

Multiple-use prediction and calibration for all future values: Exact simultaneous tolerance bands for multiple and polynomial regressions

Multiple-use prediction and calibration for all future values play an important role in many areas, including health and medical research. Simultaneous tolerance bands (STBs) can be employed for these purposes. This article studies the construction of exact STBs for multiple regr...

Reconstructing signaling histories of single cells via perturbation screens and transfer learning

Manipulating the signaling environment is an effective approach to alter cellular states for broad-ranging applications, from engineering tissues to treating diseases. Such manipulation requires knowing the signaling states and histories of the cells in situ , for which high-thro...

A simple MRI-derived correction substantially reduces bias in caliper-based tumor volume estimation in subcutaneous tumor models

Accurate longitudinal quantification of tumor burden is critical in preclinical oncology studies. Calipers remain the standard tool, being fast, inexpensive and anesthesia-free, yet the conventional caliper equation systematically overestimates subcutaneous tumor volume, because...

Characterization of diseases in temporal comorbidity networks

Comorbidity networks, or disease-disease networks, represent relationships between diseases and can reveal non-random disease associations and multimorbidity structure. These patterns reflect shared pathophysiology, diagnostic pathways, and risk of adverse outcomes. Using large-s...

Quality standards for preclinical research in cardio-oncology

Preclinical research in cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT) is a major domain of cardio-oncology and has provided biological explanation for the cardiovascular adverse effects of many cancer therapies. However, the choice of the experimental models to investi...

Design, Fabrication, and Evaluation of a Patient-Derived 3D-Printed Anthropomorphic Breast Phantom for Performance Evaluation of Dual-Energy Subtraction in Contrast-Enhanced Mammography

An anthropomorphic patient-derived 3D-printed breast phantom (4.8 cm compressed thickness, 12.2% volumetric breast density) was evaluated for image-quality assessment in contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM). It comprises four 1.2 cm plates printed via fused filament fabrication (P...

Exploration of structural optic nerve changes in mouse models of retinal and neuronal degeneration with optical coherence tomography

Abstract Purpose The optic nerve head (ONH) is a central feature of the retina, affected in many human ocular pathologies, yet it has remained underexplored in most mouse models of disease. We hypothesize that the analysis of the ONH can yield valuable insight into the phenotype...