Medical University of Vienna

Extracorporeal CO2 elimination for acute exacerbation of severe COPD requiring invasive mechanical ventilation: a randomized controlled trial (the X-COPD trial)

Abstract Rationale Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE-COPD) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) are associated with high mortality and long-term disability. Extracorporeal CO₂ removal (ECCO₂R) using modern high-capacity devices may facili...

Conformational asymmetry of replicated human chromosomes

Abstract DNA replication creates two sister chromatids that must acquire specific three-dimensional conformations to support genome function and stability. This organization is largely mediated by cohesin complexes, which extrude intra-chromosomal loops and link two chromatids, t...

Volumetric and functional connectivity alterations of the thalamus and thalamic nuclei groups in drug-resistant focal epilepsy: A 7T MRI study

Abstract Purpose Through its global and extensive connections with multiple brain structures, the thalamus can play an important role in seizure propagation. This study investigated volumetric and functional connectivity alterations of the thalamus and more specifically the thala...

Guidance for laboratory implementation, governance and continuous assurance of artificial intelligence in histopathology

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming histopathology, with applications ranging from workflow optimisation and quality assurance to tumour diagnosis, grading, biomarker assessment and estimation of prognosis. While numerous AI algorithms have demonstrated...

Agreement Between Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Bone Sounding, Pulse–Echo Ultrasound, and Caliper Measurements for Gingival Thickness Assessment: A Method-Comparison Study

Background/Objectives: Accurate assessment of gingival thickness (GT) is important for periodontal and implant treatment planning. Methods: In this method-comparison study based on prospectively collected clinical data from 2012, GT was assessed at standardized buccal sites using...

International Society of Urological Pathology Multidisciplinary Expert Consultation Conference on Evaluation of Treatment Effects in Prostate and Bladder Cancer

Treatment effects in the urinary bladder are variable and range from localized post-transurethral resection changes to widespread systemic therapy effects. The International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) organized a consensus meeting in Vienna, Austria, in September 2025...

Cerebral glucose utilisation during musical emotions: A multimodal functional PET/MRI study:A multimodal functional PET/MRI study

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have demonstrated music-induced activation of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal across brain networks associated with auditory perception, motor control, and emotion. However, BOLD-fMRI reflects vascular responses...

A lipid transfer-dependent feedback loop activates ATG9A compartments in autophagy initiation

Abstract Autophagy degrades cellular material by sequestering it within autophagosomes, which form de novo from precursors called phagophores. Phagophore assembly and expansion require ATG9A-positive seed compartments, the lipid transfer protein ATG2A, and the class III phosphati...

High-grade serous ovarian cancer is associated with increased TP53 mutation burden in uterine lavage

High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) has low survival partly due to the lack of methods for detection, diagnosis, and risk prediction. TP53 mutations, which drive HGSC, are found in gynecological tissues as the result of somatic evolution, but it is unknown whether an excess o...

CpG 1018 and alum synergistically enhance systemic and mucosal immunity to an N2 neuraminidase vaccine

Recombinant neuraminidase (rNA) is a promising target for broadly protective influenza vaccine development but typically requires adjuvants, especially for intranasal (IN) delivery. We evaluated an N2 rNA vaccine construct (globular head domain of NA, stabilized with a measles vi...

Prediction of Treatment Benefit With Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression

Importance Treatment benefit prediction models may help identify which patients will benefit most from internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for depression; it is unclear whether such models can support useful treatment allocation across programs. Objective To develo...

From operating room to circuit mechanisms: Clinical basic science partnerships as a strategic model for human neuroscience

Epilepsy surgery offers a unique opportunity to connect clinical care with fundamental research on the human brain. Tissue resected as part of indicated surgical treatment can be studied using electrophysiology, imaging, transcriptomics, proteomics, connectomics, and computationa...

The Costs of Parkinson's Disease in Europe: Results of the Costs of Illness in Neurology Initiative

Abstract Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. It imposes substantial and growing burden on patients, families, and caregivers and reduces quality of life. The disability and care needs associated with PD carry economic ramificat...

Deep molecular profiling of lung neuroendocrine tumours and supra-carcinoids

BACKGROUND: Lung neuroendocrine tumours (NETs, also known as carcinoids) are rapidly rising in incidence worldwide but have unknown aetiology and limited therapeutic options beyond surgery. The current WHO classification, based on mitotic count and presence or absence of necrosis...

International Comparison of Ambulance Time Intervals for Suspected Stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack Across 7 Emergency Medical Services Before and During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

BACKGROUND: International reports highlight the COVID-19 pandemic's wide-ranging impacts on time-sensitive conditions, including stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA). Comparing ambulance time intervals globally offers insights into COVID-19's effects on different health care sy...

Transposon end recognition and excision mechanisms of type I-F CRISPR-associated transposases

Abstract CRISPR-associated transposons (CASTs) are Tn7-like elements that have co-opted RNA-guided CRISPR effectors for targeted DNA insertion. CASTs have been adapted as genome editing tools for programmable, site-specific integration. Among them, the type I-F system from Ps e u...

Linking health literacy to malaria prevention and treatment behaviours: evidence from a community-based study in Gabon

Abstract Background Health literacy (HL) affects how individuals engage in preventive behaviours, seek prompt treatment, select appropriate malaria prevention or treatment options, adhere to care and act on health information. Little is known about its role in malaria prevention...

Exploring the association between environmental exposure to phthalates and bisphenol A and changes in reproductive hormones in women: a cross-sectional study

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can harm the female reproductive system by disrupting hormonal balance. This study investigates the association between exposure to EDCs)- specifically, phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA), and serum concentrations of estrogen (ES) and progester...

How transgender, gender diverse (TGD) and cisgender youth cope with daily stress: Insights from an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

This study investigated gender minority stress (GMS), coping, and mental health in trans, gender diverse (TGD) and cis youth in Germany and Austria and explored immediate effects of coping on stress in daily life. A 14-day Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) study containing th...

Optic nerve head blood flow autoregulation during isometric exercise in primary open‐angle glaucoma assessed by laser speckle flowgraphy

Abstract Purpose To assess optic nerve head blood flow (ONHBF) autoregulation in patients with early‐ to moderate‐stage primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) and isometric handgrip exercise. Methods In t...