McMaster University

The impact of physical activity and exercise timing on metabolic health among individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes

The timing of physical activity and exercise has been suggested to play a role in metabolic health. This narrative review synthesises current evidence on the impact of habitual physical activity and exercise timing on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, blood lipids and...

Genetic Investigation in Fetal Growth Restriction: An Integrated Approach for Clinical Practice

ABSTRACT International guidelines recommend genetic testing when fetal growth restriction (FGR) accompanies structural anomalies, but recommendations for apparently isolated FGR remain variable, particularly regarding gestational age thresholds and the role of exome sequencing (E...

A randomized phase 2 placebo-controlled trial of clobetasol solution for oral chronic graft-versus-host disease therapy

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) affects multiple organ systems and frequently the mouth. There is an unmet need for more effective topical therapy to adequately control cGVHD in the oral cavity. Clobetasol is a super-potent synthetic glucocorticoid formulated here as an...

Mechanical decoupling epitaxy via compliant microdisks yields relaxed transferable AlGaN across broad compositions

Abstract Achieving high-quality, crack-free AlGaN layers across a wide aluminum composition range is critical for ultraviolet optoelectronics but remains challenging due to strain-induced defects from lattice and thermal mismatches. Here we present a mechanical decoupling epitaxy...

Characteristics of individuals with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury and predictors of interhospital transfer and specialized rehabilitation: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Purpose Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disabling neurological condition that can cause substantial cognitive, behavioural, and physical health problems for the individual. Currently, it is a leading cause of death for Canadians. Rehabilitation (particularly specialize...

Ethical guidance for randomized controlled trials of donor interventions in deceased organ donation: a scoping review of international guidelines, consensus statements, and expert recommendations

Deceased donor interventions are nontherapeutic interventions to improve the likelihood of successful donation and transplant outcomes. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) could strengthen the evidence base for donor interventions, but such trials face difficult ethical challenge...

Small modular reactors and our ecosystems – engagement, transparency & trust; summary of a workshop held at McMaster University, Canada

Purpose: Globally, governments are launching national programs, demonstration projects and industrial partnerships to bring small modular reactors (SMR) to market as lower-carbon, more flexible forms of nuclear power. Current international assessments suggest the first wave of co...

Antioxidant premedication reduces mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage repair in interventional physicians performing X-ray-guided angiography procedures: a pilot clinical intervention study

Abstract Background To examine effects of naturally occurring antioxidants on DNA damage repair acute responses of ionizing radiation sustained by interventional physicians during angiography. Methods The study cohort included 20 interventional physicians (19 males, 1 female; mea...

Simulated gravitational lensing in the undergraduate laboratory

This paper presents a method for fabricating acrylic lenses that simulate the gravitational deflection of light. The fabricated lenses reproduce key features of strong gravitational lensing, while the simulation is further extended to the weak- and microlensing regimes with image...

Mediated Legitimacy and the Recalibration of Religious Authority in Post-2022 Iran

This article develops the concept of mediated legitimacy to examine how Shiʿi religious authority becomes credible, fragile, or contestable under platformed conditions in post-2022 Iran. Rather than treating digital media simply as new channels for religious authority, mediated l...

Clinical outcomes and complication rates following medial collateral ligament reconstruction using Achilles tendon allograft or hamstring tendon autograft: A systematic review

Abstract Purpose The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is the most commonly injured knee ligament, yet indications for reconstruction remain debated. Although consensus statements support allograft and hamstring autograft, comparative evidence regarding graft superiority is limite...

Eye Findings Following Congenital Cytomegalovirus Newborn Screening

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Consensus guidelines have recommended eye examinations for all newborns with congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection; however, structured ophthalmic examinations are seldom reported. Existing literature suggests ocular pathology is uncommon in cCMV,...

Semi-recumbent position for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults requiring mechanical ventilation

RATIONALE: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is associated with increased mortality, hospital stay, and healthcare costs in critically ill patients. Although guidelines recommend a semi-recumbent position for VAP prevention, the evidence remains uncertain due to limitations i...

Clinical Prediction With Time-Varying Predictors in Pediatric Hospital Medicine

Clinical prediction models traditionally rely on measurements obtained at a single time point to estimate risk and guide management. However, the clinical status of hospitalized children often evolves during admission, and time-varying measurements obtained over the course of hos...

Operational monitoring of vegetation drought considering the propagation processes between various meteorological drought indices and vegetation indices

Abstract Vegetation drought (VD) is a condition in which vegetation experiences stress due to various meteorological factors. Several meteorological drought indices (MDIs) have been developed and applied to quantify the effects of such drought. However, researches on which meteor...

Engaging youth in end-of-life care: The 3 Wishes Project experience

Background Citizen engagement can create a community of compassion for dying hospitalized patients. Objectives To describe a family co-designed end-of-life intervention engaging schoolchildren, and characterize dying hospitalized patients and their terminal wishes. Methods This c...

Experimental study on flexural behavior of steel-concrete composite girders under salt freeze-thaw cycles

Steel-concrete composite girders in cold regions are highly vulnerable to freeze-thaw cycles and de-icing salt corrosion, which substantially compromise their long-term durability. This study explored the flexural performance degradation of six composite girders with different nu...

Resonant Raman Scattering from Quasi-2D Van Hove Excitons in Strain-Engineered Germanium Microstructures

Abstract We present a sub-μm spatial resolution Raman mapping study of strain-engineered germanium (Ge) micro-bridge structures, fabricated on a 220 nm silicon-on-insulator (Ge-SOI). Revision of the analytical geometric-strain model for such structures, to account for partial und...

Orthobiologic Injections Adjunctive to Cartilage‐Preserving Surgery May Improve Outcomes for Focal Knee Chondral Defects: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials With Subgroup Meta‐analyses

Purpose To perform a systematic review evaluating the efficacy of orthobiologic injections as adjuncts to cartilage‐preserving surgery in improving clinical, radiographic, and histologic outcomes in adults with focal knee cartilage defects. Methods Four databases (PubMed, MEDLINE...

The Forgotten Joint Score Shows High Correlation With Established Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures While Capturing Joint Awareness and Functional Recovery: A Systematic Review

PURPOSE: To systematically review and analyze the existing literature on the use of the Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12) in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), with the aim of evaluating its effectiveness as a complementary tool to traditional p...