Leiden University Medical Center

Development of a Core Outcome Measurement Set for studies of community pharmacist-led medication reviews in older patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy

Abstract Introduction A Core Outcome Set (COS) can harmonize outcome reporting. For medication review (MR) studies targeting older, multi-morbid patients with polypharmacy, a COS with seven outcomes is available: Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL), pain relief, overuse, under...

DUTCH weight control in atrial fibrillation study (DUTCH-WAIST)

Abstract Background Obesity is a well-established and highly prevalent risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) and its progression by promoting structural and electrical atrial remodelling, leading to AF recurrence and persistence. Weight loss is expected to reverse atrial remod...

Assessing glymphatic role in the association between choroid plexus enlargement and white matter lesions load: The uncertain path through diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS)

Background The choroid plexus (CP) is involved in cerebrospinal fluid production, immune surveillance, and brain fluid homeostasis. CP enlargement has been linked to neuroinflammation, glymphatic dysfunction, and white matter lesion (WML) burden, but the mechanisms underlying the...

Clinical trial barriers in neurostimulation for pediatric drug‐resistant epilepsy

Abstract Objective The NeuroPace responsive neurostimulation (RNS) System effectively treats focal drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) in adults but lacks pediatric regulatory approval. Despite effective off‐label pediatric use, systemic device‐trial challenges have impeded label expan...

Leveraging prompt-driven generative AI for systematic reviews in digital psychiatry: A stage-matched comparative proof-of-concept for healthcare researchers and clinicians

The scale and pace of evidence generation in digital psychiatry increasingly exceed the capacity of traditional systematic literature review (SLR) methods. Large language models (LLMs) are gaining traction in evidence synthesis, yet limited guidance exists for integrating generat...

Assessment of foot perfusion before and after revascularization using quantitative ICG near-infrared fluorescence imaging in patients with and without diabetes mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus(DM) complicates peripheral artery disease (PAD) by increasing neuropathy, ischemia, and amputation risk. Perfusion differences between PAD patients with and without diabetes may support more personalized revascularization strategies than current WIfI-based predi...

Oveporexton for Narcolepsy Type 1 — Results from Two Phase 3 Trials

BACKGROUND: Narcolepsy type 1 is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, disrupted sleep, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations. Oveporexton (TAK-861), an oral orexin receptor 2-selective agonist, reduced symptoms of narcolepsy type 1 in...

A single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of human inner ear development

Hearing and balance rely on coordinated activity of multiple inner ear cell types, yet the mechanisms governing their development and specification in humans remain unclear. Consequently, this limits our understanding of how disease genes affect cell type formation and function,...

Prevalence of severe functional limitations and physical therapy use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or axial spondyloarthritis: a multicentre cross-sectional study in the Netherlands

OBJECTIVE: To inform implementation of a long-standing, personalized exercise therapy programme in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and severe functional limitations, we estimated the prevalence of severe functional limitations and descr...

An Updated Evidence Assessment of the Genetic Causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: Evidence of the diverse genetic architecture of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) continues to emerge and requires reassessment of the clinical relevance of implicated disease genes. Building on the 2019-2020 Clinical Genome Resource evaluation, the DCM gene curation exper...

Optimizing efficacy to safety ratio of glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis models by leveraging PPARα agonism

ABSTRACT Objectives Glucocorticoids remain essential therapies for several immune- and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but are notorious for their (metabolic) side effects. Given the anti-inflammatory and metabolically favorable actions of peroxisome-proli...

Relative burden of neglected tropical diseases among school-age children in rural and urban slum settings in Eastern Ethiopia

Abstract Introduction: Despite the determination to succeed in eliminating neglected tropical diseases, these have been increasing within certain endemicities, particularly in depriving region. Objective: This study aimed to assess the relative burden of neglected tropical diseas...

Personal-MetaboHealth, an actionable health check in middle age, is improved by an effective lifestyle intervention in those at risk

Abstract Background MetaboHealth represents a novel indicator of overall health in middle age and may potentially be suitable as actionable health check in prevention strategies. MetaboHealth is a blood-based metabolomic composite score that predicts a wide range of age-related c...

Automated literature screening using large language models in headache research: a comparative performance evaluation of seven models using zero-shot and iterative prompt refinement

Abstract Background Large language models (LLMs) show promise for automating literature screening, although their performance varies across clinical domains and further evaluation is required for broader implementation. This study aimed to assess the accuracy, reliability and fea...

Rapid progression of coronary atherosclerosis across glycemic status: a serial coronary computed tomography angiography study from the PARADIGM registry

Rapid progression of coronary atherosclerosis is associated with an increased risk of future adverse cardiovascular events. However, evidence regarding the association between glycemic status and rapid plaque progression (RPP) in the major epicardial coronary arteries remains lim...

Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Advanced CKD Not Requiring Dialysis

Importance The net benefit of oral anticoagulants (OACs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) not receiving dialysis remains uncertain. Objective To compare the estimated effectiveness and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin an...

Morphology-Based Surgery for Chronic Pancreatitis Across Europe: Toward the Next Generation of Unified Guidelines

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use and impact of current surgical guidelines for chronic pancreatitis (CP) across Europe. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Current guidelines recommend morphology-based surgery for CP, but international studies evaluating their use and impact are lacking. METH...

Sex-specific associations of the plasma-proteome with incident coronary artery disease

AIMS: The etiology of coronary artery Disease (CAD) appears different for men and women, yet insights into underlying sex-specific biological mechanisms are limited. We integrated genomic and proteomic analyses to investigate sex-specific associations of the plasma-proteome with...

The SISAQOL-IMI glossary: harmonising terminology for patient-reported outcomes in cancer clinical trials

Abstract Background This study presents the development of a glossary designed to harmonize terminology, foster consensus and support the successful implementation of the Setting International Standards in Analysing Patient-Reported Outcomes and Quality of Life Endpoints in Cance...

Diagnostic performance of Baermann technique, urine-ELISA, stool-PCR and Strongyloides IgG4 rapid test for diagnosis of strongyloidiasis: a study protocol

Strongyloidiasis is caused by a parasitic worm, primarily Strongyloides stercoralis . In rural settings of Côte d’Ivoire, parasitological surveys have revealed that the prevalence of S. stercoralis infection can reach up to 50%. The World Health Organization has included S. sterc...