ETH Zurich

Real-time volatilomics reveals microbiota and pathogen fingerprints in the honey bee

ABSTRACT Understanding the complex relationship between gut microbiota and their hosts often relies on invasive sampling techniques. Honey bees provide a tractable model for host-microbe studies. Here we establish single-bee volatilomics using secondary electrospray ionization (S...

Advancing conflict research and response through satellite-derived data

Abstract With armed conflicts at a historic high and attacks on civilians rising 1 , understanding the evolving nature of conflict is a critical research priority. The current paradigm in conflict research relies heavily on text-based data, using fatalities as the primary—and oft...

Molecular and Surface W-Sites through 31P-Detected and Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Surface-Enhanced 183W NMR Spectroscopy across Olefin Metathesis Catalysts

Abstract Supported tungsten catalysts are widely employed in industrial olefin metathesis reactions. However, further optimization of their performance requires detailed insight into the local structure of the active sites. Accessing this information remains challenging because o...

MemBrain v2: an end-to-end tool for the analysis of membranes in cryo-electron tomography

Abstract Cryo-electron tomography provides unique insights into macromolecular complexes in their native environments, yet membrane analysis remains a major bottleneck due to low signal-to-noise ratios, missing wedge artifacts and the complexity of membrane-associated particles....

Invited perspectives: Towards usable compound event research

Abstract. Supporting stakeholders with science-based decision-making to mitigate and adapt to climate change impacts is a central mandate of the climate research community. In particular, mapping out scenario-dependent climate risk landscapes is one of the most pressing challenge...

Genomic insights into the evolutionary dynamics of Phytophthora infestans lineages after the Irish Potato Famine

Abstract Background Genomic analysis of infected herbarium specimens provides the opportunity to investigate the evolutionary history of plant pathogens, leading to discoveries such as the identification of FAM-1/HERB-1 as the Phytophthora infestans lineage that caused the ninete...

The epigenome of the postnatal male germline: A double-edged sword between flexibility and stability

Abstract Epigenetic regulation is central to cell development and functions in multicellular organisms. In the male gonads of mice, it contributes to the control of spermatogenesis, the process of spermatozoa production by differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and s...

Two problems in comparative prime number theory: the five-way race modulo 11, and the sign of the integrated prime counting error

We resolve two problems of Hamieh, Kadiri, Martin and Ng in comparative prime number theory. Under GRH and the usual linear-independence hypothesis, we compute all 120 logarithmic densities in the five-way prime number race among the quadratic residues modulo 11, prove that they...

Two problems in comparative prime number theory: the five-way race modulo 11, and the sign of the integrated prime counting error

We resolve two problems of Hamieh, Kadiri, Martin and Ng in comparative prime number theory. Under GRH and the usual linear-independence hypothesis, we compute all 120 logarithmic densities in the five-way prime number race among the quadratic residues modulo 11, prove that they...

An Arithmetic Defect beyond the Symplectic Trace Wall

We study the fixed-distance range beyond the symplectic trace wall for quadratic L-functions over function fields. Using Wang's ratios theorem and a four-swap calculation, we identify an arithmetic Euler factor in the limiting second moment. For distance three, the first correcti...

Nonlocal Approximation of Minimal Surfaces: Optimal Estimates From Stability

ABSTRACT Minimal surfaces in closed 3‐manifolds are classically constructed via the Almgren‐Pitts approach. The Allen‐Cahn approximation has proved to be a powerful alternative, and Chodosh and Mantoulidis (in Ann. Math. 2020) used it to give a new proof of Yau's conjecture for g...

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex attenuates the link between physiological heart rate reactions to unfairness and value computations in normative decision making

Abstract Emotional reactions to norm violations influence how people trade-off selfish interests against social norms, but it remains unknown which brain regions contribute to integrating physiological (e.g., heart rate) responses to norm violations into the decision process. Her...

Impact of Thermal Processing and Protein Fortification on the Denaturation and Sensory Attributes of High-Protein Dairy Systems

The growing demand for high-protein dairy products, driven by the expanding markets for infant formula and nutritional supplements, has led to a higher incorporation of milk protein ingredients like milk protein concentrate (MPC) and whey protein isolate (WPI) in dairy formulatio...

Nanobodies Equipped with HaloTag Enable Scalable Fluorescence-Lifetime Multiplexing

Abstract Fluorescence lifetime (FL) is a robust strategy for multiplexed imaging; however, variability in fluorophores’ local microenvironment when used on affinity probes broadens lifetime distributions, limiting its practical applicability. We create a modular platform for FL e...

Antibiotic pretreatment with ampicillin or streptomycin differentially shapes Salmonella infection kinetics and associated intestinal inflammation in mice

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm) mouse infection models commonly rely on antibiotic pretreatment to disrupt microbiota-mediated colonization resistance and enable reproducible infection. Streptomycin is the primary antibiotic used, but alternative pretreatment regi...

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation stabilizes retinal atrophy in multiple sclerosis

Abstract Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is an effective treatment for aggressive multiple sclerosis refractory to disease-modifying therapies. Yet, its impact on neurodegeneration remains underexplored, and few predictive biomarkers for clinical outcom...

Iron deficiency during pregnancy and lactation

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Iron deficiency persists as the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide and is highly prevalent among women of reproductive age. Pregnancy substantially raises iron requirements, increasing the risk of complications for mother and newborn particularly in l...

Agrohydrological analysis of waterlogging impacts and mitigation in Ethiopia

Abstract Waterlogging is a major yet understudied constraint to cropland productivity. Here, we apply an agrohydrological modeling framework to assess the climatology of waterlogging (1981–2010), its yield impacts on major grain crops, and the potential for mitigation across Ethi...

Lower-temperature bulk depolymerization of commercial polymethacrylates

Abstract Chemical recycling back to monomer represents an attractive methodology to tackle plastic waste. However, current reports focus on either thermally unstable ‘designer’ polymers or highly diluted solution depolymerizations. Here we report a simple, yet efficient, bulk mai...

Quantum-well metasurface for free-space-accessible enhanced nonlinear polarization

Abstract Nonlinear frequency conversion underpins important technologies such as telecommunications and quantum computation; however, weak nonlinearities and architectures that resist miniaturization currently limit devices’ efficiency and widespread adoption. Here we combine a b...