ETH Zurich

Introducing the Peace Observatory: Peace Negotiations and Mediation in Armed Conflicts

This article introduces the Peace Observatory, a new global dataset that captures over 10,000 rounds of peace negotiations in interstate, intrastate, and non-state conflicts between 1989 and 2023 with regular updates planned for additional years. The Peace Observatory disaggregat...

Beyond Equilibrium: Tracing Redox-Driven Pathways That Shape Aqueous and Mineral Chemistry

Abstract Numerous aqueous and geochemical systems host elements in multiple redox states, with wide ranging implications such as their influence on the formation/dissolution of minerals, water toxicity, and nutrient cycling. To uncover governing mechanisms and complex chemical in...

Wildfire social science: rigor, traditions, and best practices for an evolving field

Abstract Increased interest in and production of wildfire social science is a positive trend. Yet the increasing breadth and depth of researchers engaging in wildfire social science also suggest a need to constructively reflect on trends in the field and to illuminate considerati...

Dynamical mean-field theory for dense spin systems at finite temperature

In recent years, a method for computing spin dynamics at infinite temperature (spinDMFT) was developed. It utilizes the ideas of dynamical mean-field theory for fermions: single-site approximation and a self-consistency condition to approximate time-dependent spin correlations. I...

Understanding spatial and temporal evolution of progressive excavation damage zone in granitic rocks – development of a novel mine-by and laboratory experimental framework at the BedrettoLab

Abstract. The brittle damage around tunnels in the form of spalling is common in massive crystalline rocks subjected to high in-situ stresses. Understanding the short-term development and long-term evolution of the Excavation Damage Zone (EDZ) is particularly important for deep g...

Exact Capacity-Achieving Inputs of the Noncoherent Block-Rayleigh Channel at Every Coherence Length

In this paper, we study the capacity-achieving input of the single-antenna Rayleigh block-fading channel with coherence length T, an average power constraint and no channel state information at either end. Constant-norm signaling, in which every fading block carries the same ener...

Metropolis-scale resilient and trustworthy traffic flow inference using multi-source data

Inferring network-wide traffic states from sparse observations with high accuracy and trustworthy uncertainty quantification is essential for intelligent transportation systems, yet it remains challenging due to the underdetermined nature of the problem, multifaceted disturbances...

Data-driven Modeling of Telluric Features and Stellar Variability with StellarSpectraObservationFitting.jl

Abstract A significant barrier to achieving the radial velocity (RV) measurement accuracy and precision required to characterize terrestrial mass exoplanets is the existence of time-variable features in the measured spectra, from both telluric absorption and stellar variability,...

A 3D Finite-Element Workflow for Mapping Earthquake Nucleation Tendency Under Tectonic Loading in Embedded Frictional Fault Systems

Abstract Dynamic-rupture simulations commonly prescribe rupture initiation, which complicates assessment of where instability would preferentially localize for a given fault geometry and tectonic loading. We present a 3D finite-element workflow that maps relative nucleation tende...

Blow-up of Koopman eigenfunctions at basin boundaries

Abstract We show that under non-degeneracy conditions on a dynamical system, all of its smooth, non-constant Koopman eigenfunctions blow up along the boundary of the basin of attraction of a fixed point. We give a simple, geometric version of this general result for the case of a...

Ice nucleation by kaolinite: Morphology shapes the size dependence of ice nucleation active sites on dust particles

Mineral dusts are the most important type of ice-nucleating particles and play a key role in cloud formation and climate. Their activity is commonly assumed to scale with particle surface area, yet whether this assumption holds across particle sizes remains unverified. Here, we q...

Salmonids elicit an acute behavioral response to heterothermal environments

Abstract Most fish species are ectothermic and rely on behavioral strategies to control their body temperature in heterothermal environments. Both thermotaxis and thermokinesis have been suggested as important underlying mechanisms. However, to what extent these behaviors allow f...

Soft Dopants for a Soft Lattice: Toward Electronic Doping Control in Metal Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots

Abstract Electronic doping control in semiconductors is essential for engineering optoelectronic properties yet remains elusive for metal halide perovskite quantum dots (MHP QDs). This perspective assesses the current state of aliovalent substitutional doping in MHP QDs and concl...

Machine Learning on Heterogeneous, Edge, and Quantum Hardware for Particle Physics

The next generation of particle physics experiments will face an era of challenges in data acquisition, due to unprecedented data rates and volumes along with extreme environments and operational constraints. Harnessing these data for scientific discovery demands real-time infere...

Improving neuropathological reconstruction fidelity via AI slice imputation

Neuropathological analyses benefit from spatially precise volumetric reconstructions that enhance anatomical delineation and improve morphometric accuracy. Prior work has shown the feasibility of reconstructing 3D brain volumes from 2D dissection photographs. However, these outpu...

The Importance of Nanoscale Phenomena in Electrolyte Behavior: Acetonitrile-Aqueous Zinc Sulfate Electrolytes

Abstract Electrolytes composed of mixed solvents are of significant scientific and technological importance in lithium-ion and beyond-lithium-ion batteries, and more broadly across physical chemistry. Their emergence has highlighted the importance of multiscale phenomena, particu...

What matters when? Temporal development of drivers and sources of nitrous oxide emissions in winter wheat

Abstract. Agriculture is the largest anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide (N2O), primarily due to nitrogen (N) fertilization. Understanding how the influence of key drivers and the relative contribution of source processes change throughout the cropping season is crucial for dev...

Supply chain antifragility capabilities: a systematic literature network analysis and conceptual framework

Purpose Supply chains are essential to economic growth in many industries. However, their complexity and slow response to market changes leave them vulnerable to environmental disruptions. The concept of antifragility explains how organizations can withstand and even thrive durin...

CW‐Pumped Amplified Spontaneous Emission From Thermally Evaporated CsPbBr 3 Films

ABSTRACT Lead halide perovskites are widely reported as promising optical gain media for optoelectronic applications in the short‐pulse regime. However, their operation under continuous‐wave excitation remains severely limited by thermal accumulation and gain instability. Here, w...

Red Light‐Gated Charge Transfer Enables Trace Oxygen Response in Dye‐Sensitized TiO 2 –Carbon Nanotube Hybrids

ABSTRACT Light offers a powerful means of activating materials with spatial and temporal precision. However, translating excited‐state processes into chemically responsive electronic function in conductive solids remains challenging, particularly under low‐energy red illumination...