Chinese Academy of Sciences

Neuromotor modules revealed by direct electrical stimulation of the human primary motor cortex

Muscle synergies extracted from multimuscle electromyographic (EMG) signals are widely interpreted as fundamental building blocks of motor control that coordinate groups of muscles during movement. Whether EMG-derived muscle synergies represent genuine neurally encoded modules or...

How Are Green Financial Markets Linked to Green Cryptocurrency Return States? Evidence from a Cross-Quantilogram Approach

This paper examines directional quantile dependence from green bonds, clean energy markets, and carbon markets to the return states of five literature-classified green cryptocurrencies. Using daily returns from 25 September 2019 to 23 May 2025, we estimate static cross-quantilogr...

Hydrochemistry and modeling nitrate concentration in farmland groundwater under different hydrological seasons by integrating hybrid quantum-classical ML, virtual sample generation and AlphaEarth Foundation

Abstract. Precise seasonal prediction of groundwater nitrate concentrations in intensive agricultural areas faces challenges such as data sparsity, strong spatiotemporal heterogeneity, and complex hydro-biogeochemical processes. To address these issues, this study proposes an int...

Landslide Identification Based on Diverse Remote-Sensing Datasets and Improved Deep Learning Models

Landslides are frequent and destructive geological disasters. Accurate landslide identification is essential for post-disaster reconstruction and preventing secondary disasters. Deep learning has shown considerable potential for recognizing landslide objects from remote-sensing i...

ACR-Nav: Localization-Free Corridor Navigation via Action-Conditioned Scalar-Range Evolution

Mapless navigation often removes global maps while retaining localization-derived goal vectors or bearings. We study a stricter setting in which a mobile robot observes only local LiDAR, scalar goal range, and short histories of executed actions; neither pose nor goal direction i...

Small mammalian herbivores at moderate densities facilitate livestock growth by improving vegetation composition in grasslands

Small mammals and large herbivores have co-evolved in grasslands for millions of years, yet how they interplay remains unclear. Although large herbivores can significantly affect the smaller ones, the reversal effect is largely unknown. On the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, plateau pik...

Spatial Regulation and Steering of Temporal-Interference Electric Fields in an Idealized Cylindrical Forearm Model

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) is a non-invasive technique that delivers electrical currents through the skin to modulate peripheral neural and muscular activity. However, conventional surface stimulation often exhibits limited spatial selectivity because current spr...

Lattice matching dictates the growth mode and quality of deuterium crystallization in confined spherical shells

Cryogenic hydrogen isotope fuel layers with high structural integrity and atomic-scale smoothness are prerequisites for symmetric implosion and ignition in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Using deuterium (D2) as model fuel, we perform large-scale molecular dynamics simulations...

Increasing risk of vapor pressure deficit exceeding critical thresholds for tree growth

With global warming, rising atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) has emerged as a critical driver of vegetation productivity and the terrestrial carbon sink. Yet, the thresholds beyond which VPD constrains tree growth remain poorly quantified. Using 2,953 tree-ring sites and...

Mapping emotional patterns in linear recreational landscapes: Spatial structure, positive-negative co-occurrence patterns, and nonlinear drivers

As landscape planning shifts toward experience-oriented design, emotion mapping has become critical to understanding how spatial environments shape human perception. However existing approaches are largely grounded in site-based or area-based spatial units, limiting their ability...

Increased receptor binding and spike glycosylation, remodeled immune escape of surging SARS-CoV-2 subvariant BA.3.2.2/RE.2.2/Cicada

SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve. The subvariant BA.3.2 (Cicada), a derivative of the Omicron BA.3 subtype first detected in late 2024, harbors multiple spike protein mutations, ORF7 and ORF8 deletions, and has recently evolved sublineages (BA.3.2.1 and BA.3.2.2), rendering it a cr...

A System Architecture for Low Latency Multiprogramming Quantum Computing

As quantum systems scale, multiprogramming quantum computing (MPQC) provides a practical way to improve device utilization and throughput. However, because quantum executables are device-dependent, non-portable across qubit regions, and highly susceptible to noise and crosstalk,...

The characteristic analysis and pattern classification of Beijing’s commercial districts based on multi-source geographical big data

Abstract Commercial districts, as key hubs for diverse commercial activities, play a crucial role in urban life. Yet in recent years, the vitality of commercial districts is declining. Although various strategies for revitalizing commercial districts have been proposed, it’s esse...

Measurement report: Impacts of thermodynamic and dynamic processes on the vertical distribution of carbonaceous aerosols: lessons from in-situ observations at the eastern foothills of Liupan Mountains, Loess Plateau

Abstract. The vertical distribution of carbonaceous aerosols critically influences planetary boundary layer structure and regional climate. However, high-resolution vertical data remain scarce over the Chinese Loess Plateau. To address this gap, coordinated observations of carbon...

Dynamic coupling enables impulsive ejection in a hydrogel catapult

Abstract Ejection dynamics can provide miniature robots with high-speed, cross-scale locomotion and non-contact operation. Here, we present a dynamic coupling ejection strategy for generating and transferring kinetic energy in miniature robotics. We demonstrate this strategy usin...

Femtosecond laser modification of LPCVD-SiN photonic devices: microstructural evolution and post-fabrication trimming

Femtosecond laser processing provides a localized and contactless approach for permanent post-fabrication trimming of integrated photonic devices. Here, we investigate dose-dependent microstructural evolution in low-pressure chemical vapor deposition silicon nitride (LPCVD-SiN) a...

Characteristics of dissolved organic matter and greenhouse gas emissions in the Yarlung Tsangpo, a large transboundary river

Rivers are significant emitters of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O. However, the spatial variability of riverine GHG fluxes and their relationship with dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics—such as concentration, composition, sources, and properti...

Networks and genome-resolved analyses reveal persistent particle-mediated coupling between prokaryotes and eukaryotic plankton

Interactions between bacterioplankton and eukaryotic plankton are often inferred from short-lived algal blooms, leaving it unclear whether coupling persists under natural seasonal variability and which traits sustain it. We conducted seasonal sampling of coastal seawater over an...

Trpv4 links environmental temperature to testicular differentiation in hermaphroditic ricefield eel

The ricefield eel ( Monopterus albus ), an economically important aquaculture species in China, is a freshwater teleost fish that exhibits protogynous hermaphroditism. Although progress has been made in understanding the sex determination and differentiation of this species, the...

Tuning Free Volume via Diamine Structure in 6FDA ‐Based Polyimide Membranes for He/Ne Separation

ABSTRACT Helium and neon are strategically important noble gases in semiconductor manufacturing and cryogenic technologies, yet their similar molecular sizes and inertness make separation challenging. Although membrane‐based separation offers an energy‐efficient alternative to cr...