Case Western Reserve University

Educational approaches to teach the 2017 periodontal classification to dental healthcare professionals: A scoping review

Abstract Background Diagnostic errors are a major concern, particularly when long‐standing diagnostic criteria are updated. Following the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐implant Diseases and Conditions, a new classification was released in 2018....

The SNA-Evaluation Framework: Advancing the Use of Social Network Analysis in Program Evaluation

As evaluation increasingly addresses the complexities inherent in dynamic program systems, social network analysis (SNA) offers significant opportunities alongside notable challenges. While SNA can reveal patterns of collaboration, communication, and influence, its application is...

Bias Testing and Mitigation in Black Box LLMs using Metamorphic Relations

The widespread deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) has intensified concerns about subtle social biases embedded in their outputs. Existing guardrails often fail when faced with indirect or contextually complex bias-inducing prompts. To address these limitations, we propose...

Curvature-induced smectic-C order of tangentially anchored hard spherocylinders on a sphere with a rigidly locked director field

We study the strict locked-orientation limit of hard spherocylinders on a sphere, in which the rod axes are rigidly locked to a prescribed tangential director field. The bulk hard-rod phase diagram contains no smectic-C (Sm-C) phase, so any coherent tilt found here is curvature-i...

Splicing genes as main targets of differential splicing

Abstract Splicing of transcripts via the spliceosome machinery is a complex process involving a multitude of proteins and short noncoding RNAs. In addition to full-length transcripts with all exons in the genomically encoded order, alternatively spliced transcripts can also be pr...

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy vs Moderately Hypofractionated IMRT for Localized Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer

Importance The treatment of prostate cancer with radiotherapy is evolving. How quickly radiotherapy can be delivered, and the relative risks and benefits of such a treatment, is of significant public interest. Objective To determine whether stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) w...

Characterization of microbial dark matter at scale with MetaSBT and taxonomy-aware Sequence Bloom Trees

ABSTRACT Metagenomics has become a powerful tool for studying microbial communities, allowing researchers to investigate microbial diversity within complex environmental samples. Recent advances in sequencing technology have enabled the recovery of near-complete microbial genomes...

Platelet Reactivity and Sex Differences: Clinical Implications for Women

Platelets are central to hemostasis and thrombosis. Excessive platelet activation contributes to arterial thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and complications of peripheral artery disease, whereas excessive platelet inhibition increases bleeding...

Blood pressure Time in Target Range and Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease

BACKGROUND: We examined the association between blood pressure (BP) time in target range and clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: In 1908 participants in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study who had BP measured at each visit for the first five years...

The janus-faced function of mesenchymal stem cells in oral cancer

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which exist in bone marrow, tooth pulp, and tumor microenvironments, have a dual role in oral malignancies. These cells interact closely with cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the tumor microenvironment (TME). On the one hand, MSCs accelerate the growth...

Association between clinician team structure and continuous pulse oximetry overuse among infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis: An Eliminating Monitor Overuse Trial substudy

Abstract Continuous pulse oximetry (cSpO 2 ) monitoring for hospitalized children with bronchiolitis not requiring supplemental oxygen is an established form of medical overuse. We examined whether clinician team structure influences cSpO 2 overuse. In this secondary analysis of...

Where Are They Now? A Survey of Health Humanities Program Graduates

Abstract While health humanities baccalaureate and graduate programs have been increasing in recent years, little is known about the further education and career paths of program graduates or how a health humanities education may equip them for future endeavors. This information...

A compendium of next-generation patient-derived models for diverse cancers

Abstract The development of new therapeutics and the validation of pathogenetic cancer mechanisms require representative laboratory models 1,2 . However, existing collections represent only a fraction of the diversity observed in human cancer 2–4 . Recent technologies have enable...

Developmental shifts in eye morphology and visual ecology of banded flower mantis ( Theopropus elegans )

Abstract Compound eyes display high morphological diversity across arthropods, including rare cone-shaped forms whose visual function is puzzling because their unusual shape seems to defy expectations of how eyes sample visual space. Species in which eye shape changes through dev...

Analysis of a hypomorphic mei-P26 mutation reveals coordination between developmental programming of germ cells and meiotic chromosome dynamics.

Female gametogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster requires differentiation and mitotic division of germ cells, acquisition of oocyte fate, and entry into meiosis. Each of these processes is well understood individually; however, little is known about the mechanisms that ensure prop...

Innate immune recognition of Debaryomyces hansenii requires Dectin-1-Card9 signaling

ABSTRACT Innate immune signaling plays a key role in host response to infection, yet the pattern recognition receptors that detect non-model gut-associated yeasts remain poorly defined. Here, we investigated macrophage sensing of Debaryomyces hansenii , a food-derived yeast that...

Maternal nutrition determines the variable expressivity of STRA6-associated eye malformations

Mutations in STRA6 , the high-affinity receptor for retinol-binding protein, cause Matthew-Wood syndrome, a congenital disorder characterized by striking phenotypic variability ranging from isolated ocular anomalies to severe multisystem malformations. The mechanisms underlying t...

A rapid approach to detect methicillin-resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus directly from clinical specimens

ABSTRACT Screening of methicillin-resistant/susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/MSSA) is important for healthcare facilities to prevent hospital-acquired infections. The two common MRSA screening approaches are culture-based testing with selective and/or differential properti...

Reflux symptom burden and objective findings at long-term follow-up after peroral endoscopic myotomy

BACKGROUND: Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) effectively treats achalasia but confers a significant risk of postoperative gastroesophageal reflux. Studies demonstrate poor short-term correlation between reflux symptoms and objective findings, but long-term outcomes remain unclea...

First-principles study of infrared, Raman, piezoelectric, and elastic properties of Mg–IV–N2 (IV = Si, Ge, Sn)

Mg–IV–N2 compounds with IV = Si, Ge, and Sn are ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors with various potential electronic and optoelectronic applications. They share the Pna21 space group crystal structure. Here, we present density functional perturbation theory calculations of the vib...