Aarhus University

Biological hotspot at a glacier ocean boundary in South Greenland

As marine-terminating glaciers retreat onto land, they change local hydrology and ecosystems. Direct observations of the glacier-ocean boundary are extremely rare because obtaining them is both technically challenging and potentially dangerous, leaving the physical and biological...

Capacity Scaling of Encoding-Through-Loading: Application vs. Cloze Asymmetry Across Three Orders of Magnitude

Abstract. Large language models solve two differentiable task types on the same underlying knowledge base. Cloze retrieval saturates early (~90 % by 8 B parameters); application scales monotonically across three orders of magnitude. We document this asymmetry on a single invented...

GW4869 Depletes Macrophages and Increases Number of Extracellular Vesicles in Murine Peritoneal Cavity Fluid

ABSTRACT Pharmacological strategies to modulate extracellular vesicle (EV) release in vivo are gaining traction, yet their broader effects on local immune microenvironments remain unclear. In this study, we assessed how repeated intraperitoneal (i.p.) dosing of the neutral sphing...

Friction-Guided Inference: Calibrating Correction Strategies and Abstention from Logprob Signals

Large language models frequently possess the knowledge needed to answer a question correctly yet commit to the wrong response. This paper presents friction-guided inference, a calibrated inference-time pipeline that uses the model's own logprob distribution — available at zero co...

Tissue and Cerebral Biofluid Remodelling of tRNA-Derived Small RNA Signatures in Experimental and Human Epilepsy

Small noncoding RNAs are increasingly recognized as important regulators of gene expression in brain diseases including epilepsy. tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) including tRNA fragments (tRFs) and tRNA halves (tiRNAs) are emerging as stable and regulated RNA species which respo...

Development and evaluation of machine learning models to predict mechanical restraint and related coercive measures in hospital psychiatry

Abstract Introduction Use of coercive measures in psychiatric hospitals is clinically and ethically challenging. Aiming to support prevention, we developed and evaluated machine learning models to predict both mechanical restraint and a broader composite outcome that includes rel...

The Race Must Go On: Encoding-Frames Reposition Route-Competition Onset in LLM Generation

A short purpose-frame placed before a fact-block produces a significant first-token route-competition effect in a non-RLHF base model that is null in the matched RLHF-instruct model; the most parsimonious reading is that instruction-tuning compresses the competing-route distribut...

From Roller Coaster to Confidence: A Qualitative Study of a Hybrid Exercise Program for Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the experiences and reflections of adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) 3–24 months after completing a 15-week hybrid exercise program combining in-person and virtual components. Particular attention was given to how participants translated prog...

Same Content, Wider Track: Empirical Calibration of Friction Theory on LLM Substrate

The same 25 facts, fine-tuned with four paraphrase templates instead of one, jump from 38% to 94% paraphrase-robust recall (same substrate, same optimizer, same number of facts, same epochs). Varied friction widens the encoding track. Paper 4 is the empirical-calibration companio...

One Landscape, Many Inputs: Cancer Prevention as Cofactor-and-Gene Route-Competition

A Hypothesis & Theory / Ideas & Speculation synthesis of one-carbon (folate) metabolism, gene–diet interaction, and cancer chemoprevention. It builds on established multistage-carcinogenesis and chemoprevention findings (including the documented harm signals of some supplement tr...

Beyond the arcsine law: exact time-in-lead statistics of a continuously monitored qubit

For a continuously monitored qubit under an ideal diffusive quantum-nondemolition measurement, the fraction of the pre-collapse trajectory during which a given outcome leads is derived exactly—and it is not Lévy’s arcsine law, but an explicitly solvable one-parameter deformation...

The Delta: Large Language Models as a Prediction-Only Control that De-confounds the Mind Sciences

Large language models are usually studied as models of cognition, probed with the tasks of cognitive and developmental psychology. This paper argues for the opposite use: a language model as a prediction-only control. Because such a model reproduces many cognitive phenomena — com...

Sustainable Employment in the Creative Sector

This study investigates sustainable employment within Malaysia’s creative sector by examining self-employed designers managing independent practice. As firm-based opportunities decline and freelance careers become more prevalent, the sustainability of creative work increasingly h...

Lessons from the Danish Vascular (DanVasc) pilot survey: patient-reported outcomes following lower extremity, carotid and aortic artery disease

Patient-reported outcomes are insufficiently studied across the three predominant vascular diseases: lower extremity artery disease (LEAD), symptomatic carotid stenosis (SCS) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). To address this gap, the Danish Vascular (DanVasc) survey was develo...

Matched Friction Under Hysteresis: A Programmatic Proposal for a Measurement Schema of Learning Optima

Nine independently-developed traditions in learning theory and belief-revision — Yerkes–Dodson arousal, Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development, Kalyuga’s expertise-reversal, Bjork’s desirable difficulties, the spacing and testing effects among them — have each characterised an i...

Mapping pig welfare best practices across the five domains model along the production chain, with emphasis on behaviour

Within the five domains model, behaviour is one of the four physical domains (Nutrition, Environment, Health, and Behaviour) that influence the mental state domain and overall welfare of animals. However, the relative emphasis placed on behavioural interventions across the produc...

Civil Servants and Democratic Backsliding: The Role of Managerial Signals

Abstract Political efforts to weaken democratic institutions place civil servants in a dilemma between political responsiveness and protecting democratic values. As civil servants are embedded in the political-administrative hierarchy, we argue that signals from their direct hier...

Reading creativity from the inside: a competing-routes view of the diversity–coherence trade-off in language models

Raising the temperature does not make a language model more creative, and this paper shows why at the level of the token race: temperature collapses value and coherence without ever raising novelty, while prompts that change which continuations can win raise judged novelty monoto...

One mixer suffices: a minimal symmetry premise for the Born exponent in coordinate-additive probability rules

How much unitary symmetry does the Born exponent actually need? Within coordinate-additive probability rules—each outcome weighted by a function $g$ of its amplitude modulus—invariance under a single genuine two-coordinate mixer already forces the quadratic $g(x)=cx^2$ for every...

Legacy effects of subsoil compaction and earthworm biopores on soil hydrophysical properties and root density in a temperate silt loam soil

The short- and medium-term effects of agricultural soil compaction are well documented, but its long-term impacts and the role of biopores in subsoil recovery remain poorly understood. This study evaluated legacy effects of subsoil compaction on soil hydrophysical properties and...