Research works

MD-Mamba: A multi-scale dilated state-space network for breast cancer histopathology image classification

Background Automated breast histopathology classification requires models that can capture both local cellular morphology and broader tissue architecture while remaining computationally efficient. Methods We developed MD-Mamba, a multi-scale dilated state-space network with dual-...

Field demonstration and integrated productivity-economics assessment of multi-lateral geothermal wells enabled by directional steel shot drilling

This study explores the potential of multi-lateral slim-hole drilling to enhance reservoir access and connectivity in fractured geothermal reservoirs. At the core of this work is Directional Steel Shot Drilling (DSSD), a technology that combines conventional mechanical drilling w...

Halicin‑Rifampicin Combinations Are More Effective Than Monotherapy Against Biofilm‑Residing Staphylococcus Aureus and Prevent Emergence of Rifampicin Resistance

Background: Biofilms shield bacteria from immune defenses and antibiotics, contributing to implant-associated infections, particularly those caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Halicin, a repurposed antimicrobial with broad-spectrum activity, has shown promise against pl...

Hydrological modelling in snow- and glacier-fed catchments of the Upper Indus Basin by conceptual and machine learning approaches

Study region Upper Indus Basin (UIB), Himalaya and Hindu Kush. Focus of study This study evaluates the performance of a conceptually based glacio-hydrological model (GSM-HBV) and four data-driven models (DDMs), namely LSTM, RF, XGB and SVM, to simulate annualised, seasonal and fl...

The Impact of Household Housing Unaffordability on Subjective Happiness: an Analysis of the Moderating Role of Amenities

Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between household housing unaffordability and subjective happiness in urban China. We propose a novel framework to measure household housing unaffordability as a form of long-run affordability pressure, by comparing the relative p...

Primary Cilia Regulate the Mechanical Adaptation of the Tendon and Enthesis via Hedgehog Signaling

Background: Physical loading mediates postnatal growth, homeostasis, and healing of the tendon and its attachment to bone, which is critical for rotator cuff functional integrity. Our prior studies have highlighted the mechano-sensing role of primary cilia; However, the mechanism...

Context-sensitivity and longitudinal stability of the effects of depressive symptoms on social and reward decision-making

Depressive symptoms could affect decision-making in multiple ways, yet it remains unclear whether these effects are context-sensitive or stable over time. In this longitudinal study, 236 online participants (n=129 at 1-month follow-up) completed a social exchange task (Ultimatum...

The cGAS-STING Pathway in Neuroinflammation and Neurological Disease: Mechanisms, Disease Contexts, and Periphery-to-Brain Communication

Neurodegenerative disorders involve a strong inflammatory component, yet the underlying inflammatory mechanisms may be heterogeneous across disease stage, cell type, and systemic context. A key unresolved question is how cellular and systemic stress is converted into sustained ne...

Diagnostic accuracy, time window estimation, and prognostic value of diffusion-weighted MRI in acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is central to acute ischemic stroke (AIS) management; however, its performance varies across different clinical applications. This systematic review and meta-analysis comprehensively evaluated the diagnostic accuracy, time window estimation capabi...

Semi-supervised evaluation of University quality: from structured measures to student voices

Abstract Understanding student satisfaction in higher education requires more than standardized survey scores alone. While structured survey responses provide standardized and comparable measures of satisfaction, they often fail to capture the heterogeneity of students’ experienc...

Postoperative nausea and vomiting after emergent abdominal surgery in trauma patients in Korea: a multicenter retrospective observational study

Purpose: The present study aimed to assess the incidence and risk factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after emergency abdominal surgery in trauma patients.Methods: This retrospective observational study included trauma patients who underwent emergency abdominal su...

Building the toolkit to address malaria resurgence and radical cure of vivax malaria in Ethiopia: a meeting report

Abstract Ethiopia has experienced a substantial resurgence in malaria in recent years, with increasing case numbers and a growing contribution of Plasmodium vivax in several regions. At the same time, new evidence supporting improved radical cure strategies, including high-dose p...

Textile solid waste management: circular economy and life cycle perspectives

The growing population and rising living standards have significantly increased textile production and textile waste generation worldwide. Handling and management of textile solid waste (TSW) is an emerging opportunity but also a challenge due to inadequate collection systems and...

Impact of agricultural practices on the population dynamics of African weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda Latreille in cashew agroecosystems in Tanzania

Arboreal ants play a crucial role in maintaining the stability of agroecosystems, contributing to pest regulation and serving as indicators of environmental health. Understanding the impact of agricultural practices on African weaver ant (AWA) populations is essential for optimis...

Effect of baking temperature on an organic-inorganic hybrid coating for magnesium alloy AZ31B

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to systematically investigate the effect of baking temperature on the morphology, thickness, adhesion and corrosion resistance of an organic-inorganic hybrid coating applied to magnesium alloy AZ31B, trying to elucidate the intrinsic curing-te...

Macrophage senescence and senescence-like states in senile osteoporosis: cellular cross-talk and therapeutic perspectives

Senile osteoporosis (SOP) is an age-related metabolic bone disease characterized by reduced bone quality and increased fracture risk, closely associated with immune senescence. Among immune components in the bone marrow niche, macrophages undergo age-associated phenotypic and fun...

Global sustainable development trends reveal widespread inequality and tradeoffs

Progress towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals is usually assessed at the national scale, but national averages can hide local differences and trade-offs. Here we show a global assessment of sustainable development trends from 2000 to 2019 using high-resolution...

Effects of baffle configurations on heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger: A numerical approach

In the present study, four heat exchanger configurations of shell-side circular and hexagonal tube arrangements with segmental and staggered baffles are considered for the assessment of the heat-transfer performance on the shell side. A steady, pressure-based ANSYS Fluent 2020 R1...

Prevalence of Insomnia in the General Population in Pakistan: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Insomnia is a frequent disorder of sleep that is linked to dysfunction and decreased quality of life. However, the burden of this condition at the population level is not known in Pakistan. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of insomnia in P...

A Modular Structure for the Collatz Dynamics: Upper Bound and Uniqueness of the 4–2–1 Cycle

This work introduces a modular mechanism for controlling Collatz orbits through two operators: the projection function S(n) and the elevator E(n)=n·64^k. The function S(n) is defined through a complete classification of residues modulo 18 and maps every natural number directly in...