Bio‐Memristor Based on Clinical Bile Samples: A Proof‐of‐Concept Pilot Study for Detection of Gallbladder Cancer

Abstract

ABSTRACT Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignant tumor of the biliary system, and the 5‐year survival rate of GBC patients is only 5% due to delayed diagnosis. The sensitivity and specificity of existing clinical testing equipment for gallbladder malignancy remain insufficient. In this proof‐of‐concept pilot study, we developed a bio‐memristor featuring an Ag/bile/fluorine‐doped tin oxide structure using clinically sourced bile samples from a small clinical cohort and characterized its resistive switching behavior. The memristive electrical signatures, particularly negative peak current and the high‐resistance‐state to low‐resistance‐state ratio, differed systematically across people with normal gallbladder, cholelithiasis patients, and GBC patients, enabling a two‐step detection strategy. Within this pilot cohort, the detection performance was encouraging. These findings establish the technical feasibility of memristor‐based bile detection for gallbladder cancer and provide a foundation for developing detection technology that is expected to complement existing clinical approaches to improve gallbladder cancer identification.