Prussian blue regulates ion dynamics in perovskite solar cells
Abstract
Perovskite photovoltaics are limited by structural instabilities initiated during crystallization and amplified under operation. We report that a lattice-matched Prussian blue scaffold directs heterogeneous nucleation to produce highly oriented, strain-relaxed films. Its redox-active Fe–C≡N–Fe network mediates the conversion of Pb 0 and I 0 defects, and its rigid open framework suppresses A-site cation redistribution and the resulting electronic inhomogeneity under bias. This strategy yielded champion power conversion efficiencies of 26.1% (n-i-p) and 26.9% (p-i-n; 26.2% certified), scaling to 23.4% in 6-centimeter–by–6-centimeter minimodules and a certified 22.9% in 30-centimeter–by–30-centimeter submodules. Submodules with initial power conversion efficiencies ranging from 20.2 to 21.0% showed robust durability under accelerated aging and no discernible decline relative to a silicon reference over 5 months of outdoor testing.
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Authors: Fang Cao, Mengen Ma, Junjie Zhou, Fangwen Cheng, Zheng Dai, Linyuan Chen, Yu-Hao Hong, Di Tian, Shaoqi Zhan, Yu Chen, Pengfei An, Xin Li, Xinyu Lin, Zhenhuang Su, Xingyu Gao, Jianhao Yang, Xiaofeng Huang, Jun Yin, Jing Li, Hua Zhang, Xian‐Kui Wei, Zhiguo Qu, Chong Liu, Chenyi Yi, Yaohua Mai, Binghui Wu, Nanfeng Zheng
Institutions: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tsinghua University, Uppsala University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Jinan University, Qinghai New Energy (China), Institute of High Energy Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control, Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility