University of Pittsburgh

Metabolomic profiling reveals distinct and shared biology in COPD and IPF

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD) and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) are chronic pulmonary disorders with distinct pathologies but shared risk factors. Metabolomics may provide insights into mechanisms. To identify metabolites associated with COPD and IPF, and to...

Photometallobiocatalytic Asymmetric Radical‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling of Organotrifluoroborate Salts and Pyridotriazoles

ABSTRACT The cooperative integration of photoredox catalysis and metalloenzyme catalysis has emerged as a powerful strategy for enabling stereoselective radical transformations beyond the capabilities of either catalytic mode alone. Herein, we report a photometallobiocatalytic en...

RescueLens: LLM‐powered triage and action on volunteer feedback for food rescue

Abstract Food rescue organizations simultaneously tackle food insecurity and waste by working with volunteers to redistribute food from donors who have excess to recipients who need it. Volunteer feedback allows food rescue organizations to identify issues early and ensure volunt...

Future goals after clear illustrations of morbidity and mortality associated with wearable-measured short sleep duration

Stephen F Smagula; Future goals after clear illustrations of morbidity and mortality associated with wearable-measured short sleep duration, Sleep, , zsag2

Little Red Dots host Black Hole Stars: A unified family of gas-reddened AGN revealed by JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy

Abstract We construct and characterise a sample of 146 little red dots (LRDs) across 2.0 < z < 9.3, selecting all sources with v-shaped UV-optical continua from JWST NIRSpec/PRISM spectra and compact morphologies in NIRCam/F444W imaging. We show that LRD continuum spectra are wel...

Magneto-OpticalSpectroscopy Across Three OxidationStates of a Europium Terpyridine Complex

Abstract We report the magneto-optical characterization of a homoleptic europium terpyridine complex in +3, +2, and formally 0 oxidation states. Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) analysis of the f–f transitions of the Eu(III) complex revealed an effective D3h local symmetry in so...

Assessment of Bicycle–Vehicle Conflicts in Digital-Twin Environment with Various Levels of Connectivity

Intersections present considerable safety risks for bicyclists, where road space shared with vehicles frequently triggers conflicts. Although connected technologies promise safety benefits, they may trigger additional stress and adverse behavioral changes, making it important to...

Tibial Bone Shape Is Sport Dependent and More Symmetrical in High-Impact Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Multidirectional sports introduce unique forces to the tibia that potentially induce more symmetrical distribution of bone mass and lower bone stress injury risk, when compared to unidirectional sports. Purpose: To compare tibial shaft size, shape, and estimated str...

Reconciling contradictory models of subthalamic nucleus contributions to basal ganglia beta oscillations

Recent computational studies of Parkinson’s disease have yielded contradictory findings regarding the role of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in pathological beta oscillations, with some models implicating STN as essential for beta generation and others suggesting that STN suppress...

Detection of False Stealthy Data Injection Attacks in Smart Meters Using Machine Learning and Blockchain Technology

Despite the benefits associated with the use of smart meters in advanced metering infrastructure, the widespread deployment of such meters has introduced vulnerabilities that leave power systems susceptible to stealthy false data injection attacks which cannot be detected by conv...

Phenotypic screening of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae using tellurite resistance and carbohydrate fermentation testing

ABSTRACT Phenotypic identification of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in routine laboratories remains challenging. We evaluated tellurite resistance and selected carbohydrate fermentation tests as phenotypic tools for screening hypervirulent strains and improving lineage iden...

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Localised Scleroderma Quality of Life Instrument (LoSQI): an international study

Juvenile localised scleroderma (jLS) is a rare disease which impacts negatively on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We aimed to undertake the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a novel disease-specific HRQoL measure, the Localised Scleroderma Quality of Life Instr...

Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Brain Tumors: A Prospective Multicenter Analysis of Patients From the LAANTERN Study

Background: Laser interstitial thermal therapy is a surgical tool used to ablate brain tumors, radiation necrosis, and epileptic foci. Data from the completed LAANTERN prospective multicenter registry (NCT02392078), containing tumor patients enrolled in the study across 25 US cen...

A uniform sub-three-fifths bound for exceptional abc triples

GPT 5.6 Sol discovered the result and proof presented in this paper. We establish a new uniform upper bound for the number of exceptional abc triples throughout the full subcritical range. The proof combines an anatomic decomposition with Fourier analysis, geometry-of-numbers est...

Mendelianization: Concentrating Polygenic Signal Into a Single Causal Locus

ABSTRACT Complex disorders such as depression and alcohol use involve numerous genetic variants, and implicated loci continue to grow with sample size. This proliferation hampers interpretability, as the mechanisms by which so many variants jointly contribute to pathophysiology r...

Comparative Analysis of Multimodal AI Models for Automated Construction Safety Monitoring and Reporting

Abstract The construction industry accounts for a significant portion of workplace fatalities in the United States. Health and safety hazards frequently go unrecognized, potentially leading to injuries and death. However, traditional computer vision methods are often limited to s...

Immune correlates of protection against RSV following Ad26.RSV.preF–RSV preF vaccination of adults aged >60 years

Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory illness and there is no universally accepted serological correlate of protection (CoP). We evaluated serum pre-fusion immunoglobulin G binding (preF-IgG) and RSV-A2 neutralizing antibodies (RSV-nAb) in a...

AI-Guided Discoveryof Natural-Product-Inspired Scaffoldsas Dual P-gp/BCRP Inhibitors to Overcome Cancer Multidrug Resistance

Abstract ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCB1/P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and ABCG2/breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) drive multidrug resistance (MDR) by limiting intracellular chemotherapy accumulation, and are coexpressed in cancers with overlapping substrates. Here, w...

Towards clinical implementation of artificial intelligence in cancer care: concept mapping analysis of provincial workshop findings

Abstract Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly garnered interest in healthcare. Cancer care’s multidisciplinary nature and high coordination demands are well positioned to benefit from AI. While attitudes toward implementation of AI in medicine have been explored ge...

Discontinuous Peripheral Punctate Echogenic Foci in Thyroid Nodules: A New Sonographic Pattern Suggestive of Papillary Carcinoma

Background: Ultrasound risk stratification systems for thyroid nodules worldwide describe different types of echogenic foci, including punctate echogenic foci (microcalcifications), coarse internal calcifications, and peripheral (rim) calcifications (complete or incomplete), with...