University of Pavia

Regional biomechanical differences in human ascending aortic aneurysm wall: a paired anterior–posterior analysis

Regional heterogeneity of ascending aortic wall is thought to play a key role in the development of aortic aneurysms. Along the circumference of the vessel, anterior and posterior regions exhibit distinct characteristics. However, intra-patient comparative mechanical data between...

The lived experience of trans persons: a bottom-up review co-written by experts by experience and academics.

We present here the first bottom-up review of the lived experience of trans persons, co-written by experts by experience and academics. We sourced the medical and non-medical literature, focusing on first-person narratives, and critically extracted experiential themes, which were...

Assessing and Addressing Frailty in Candidates for Lung Transplantation: An ISHLT Consensus Statement.

The ISHLT Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates recommends frailty assessment as part of a comprehensive candidacy evaluation. Missing from this and other recent consensus documents were practical recommendations on which frailty measures to consider...

Evidence-based atlas of risk and protective factors for psychotic disorders: an umbrella review to inform personalized prognosis and prevention.

Identifying updated, evidence-based risk and protective factors for psychotic disorders is essential to advancing scientific and clinical knowledge of their etiology. Since the most recent umbrella review published in this journal, the evidence base has expanded substantially. Fo...

Trefftz Discontinuous Galerkin methods for scattering by periodic structures

Abstract We propose a Trefftz discontinuous Galerkin (TDG) method for the approximation of plane-wave scattering by periodic diffraction gratings, modelled by the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation. The periodic obstacle may include penetrable and impenetrable regions. The TDG me...

Brachistochrones in conformal Kerr spacetimes: control domain, exterior separatrices, and adiabatic response

What is the fastest constrained worldline when the spacetime not only evolves but rotates? We study this for the controlled-rail brachistochrone—the time-optimal worldline reaching a fixed target at a free arrival clock—in Thakurta–Kerr, the conformal Kerr geometry $g=A(\eta)^2 g...

Digital tools for assessing attention and executive functions in adults: a systematic review of validity and accessibility

OBJECTIVES: Digital testing is being regularly used in neuropsychological research. However, critical questions remain regarding its psychometric robustness, availability, and usability, potentially limiting its clinical impact. METHODS: This systematic review focused on the char...

Dual Magnetite Formation Pathways in Abyssal Serpentinites From the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge

Abstract Serpentinization, which involves hydrothermal alteration of olivine and pyroxene in ultramafic rocks, generates magnetite and strongly modifies the magnetic properties of oceanic lithosphere. However, the microstructural pathways of magnetite formation and their bulk mag...

Probing dark matter interactions with a RES–NOVA prototype cryogenic detector

Abstract We report on the operation of a 13 g PbWO $$_4$$ 4 crystal, grown from archaeological Pb and operated as a cryogenic calorimeter in an underground environment. Read out with a Ge thermistor, the detector achieves a low energy threshold and, for the first time, enables th...

Optimal Velocity Control of a Brinkman–Cahn–Hilliard System with Curvature Effects

Abstract We address an optimal control problem governed by a system coupling a Brinkman-type momentum equation for the velocity field with a sixth-order Cahn–Hilliard equation for the phase variable, incorporating curvature effects in the free energy. The control acts as a distri...

Soil aridification, precipitation, and infant health: Evidence from Africa

While research has studied the effects of climate variation on child nutrition, the role of soil moisture and degradation in shaping child well-being remains relatively understudied. Combining climate and infant health data from Africa, we show that rainfall’s health benefits are...

Knowledge of lactose intolerance in Italian adults: a cross‑sectional assessment

Abstract Purpose To assess knowledge of lactose intolerance (LI) in Italian adults, identifying major knowledge gaps and factors associated with awareness. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2024 and March 2025 among Italian adults (≥ 18 years). A newl...

Quantitative and exact concavity principles for parabolic and elliptic equations

Abstract Goal of this paper is to study classes of Cauchy–Dirichlet problems which include parabolic equations of the type \begin{equation*}u_t -\Delta u= a(x,t)f(u)\quad\hbox{in}\ \Omega\times(0,T)\end{equation*} u t − Δ u = a ( x , t ) f ( u ) in Ω × ( 0 , T ) with upper Omega...

Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis and Cytotoxicity in Patients With LGI1 and CASPR2 Encephalitis

This database includes the raw data linked with the paper “ Antibody-dependent cellular-phagocytosis and -cytotoxicity in patients with LGI1 and CASPR2 encephalitis”. Objective: Antibodies against LGI1 and CASPR2 (LGI1/CASPR2-IgG) associate with forms of autoimmune encephalitis (...

Melatonin beyond chronobiology: integrating pharmacokinetics, dose-exposure forecasting, and clinical evidence

Abstract Melatonin is established as a regulator of circadian timing and sleep, while a wider range of receptor-dependent and receptor-independent biological effects has generated interest in additional therapeutic applications. This review critically examines whether those propo...

Real-world neuropsychiatric safety profile of foslevodopa/foscarbidopa infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease

Abstract Background To describe demographic, clinical, and neuropsychiatric safety outcomes in a cohort of PD patients treated with LDp/CDp infusion in a real-world setting. Methods We retrospectively analyzed a database of 77 consecutive PD patients treated with LDp/CDp at two I...

Geographic Patterns of Pancreatic Cancer Mortality and Dietary Microplastic Exposure in Italy: An Ecological Hypothesis-Generating Framework

Pancreatic cancer (PC) mortality in Italy exhibited a persistent North–South macro-geographic gradient between 2003 and 2022, with significantly higher rates in northern regions. Whilst traditional risk factors partially explain this trend, the contribution of emerging dietary xe...

Influence of socio-economic inequalities and healthcare organisation on HPV vaccination coverage in both sexes in the Campania region: A population-based study between 2006 and 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B vaccinations are the only immunisation programmes that directly prevent cancer. Despite the expansion of universal, gender-neutral HPV programmes, a free and actively offered vaccination does not ensure achievement of coverage targets. W...

Engineered Biographical Defects in Two-Dimensional Nonanediaminium Lead Iodide Perovskites: From Synthesis to Reversible Photodegradation

Abstract The choice of lead precursor (PbO versus PbI2), the Pb:diamine stoichiometric ratio, and the crystallization regime influence the defect landscape and optical stability of the layered hybrid perovskite (NonDA)PbI4. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron sp...

Mucoadhesive Nanoemulsions for Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Dimethyl Fumarate: Development, Characterization and Proof-of-Concept In Vivo Evaluation

Background: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an approved therapeutic agent for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, known for its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. However, its oral administration is often accompanied by gastrointestinal side effects, limiting its thera...