University of Oxford

Mapping basal ganglia circuitry in altered states of consciousness: from pathology to pharmacology

The precise neuromodulatory mechanisms underlying consciousness and its disorders, despite growing evidence in both animals and humans, remain poorly understood at the subcortical level. The basal ganglia, a key component of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop, are kn...

A Multi-Modal Pre-training Framework-Driven Active Learning System for Enhanced Protein Evolution of Cs CE

Abstract Protein language models have shown strong potential in modeling fitness landscapes for directed evolution; however, their predictive accuracy and generalization to unexplored sequence space remain limited under few-shot learning conditions. Here, we present MmALS (Multi-...

Multi-ancestry conditional and joint analysis applied to GWAS summary statistics

Manc-COJO (Multi-Ancestry Conditional and Joint Analysis) is a C++ software package for identifying independent association signals from multi-ancestry GWAS summary statistics. By jointly modelling association signals across ancestry groups while accounting for ancestry-specific...

When the brightest is not the best: illuminant estimation from the geometry of specular highlights

Abstract Colour constancy supports stable object colour perception across changes in illumination. Illuminant colour can be inferred from white surfaces or specular highlights, and many models adopt a ‘brightest is white’ heuristic to identify illuminant colour. We tested an alte...

Synergies and trade-offs for reaching global biodiversity and climate commitments

The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework strives to expand high-quality protected areas globally, yet faces economic constraints, climate change and human pressures. This requires integrating biological and socio-economic complexity while ensuring equity. We explore mul...

Promises and pitfalls of mRNA-based vaccines as cancer treatment

The success of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines has accelerated interest in applying mRNA technology to oncology. mRNA cancer vaccines offer the potential for precise, patient-specific treatment with reduced off-target effects and may become an important component of future cancer ca...

Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Therapy in Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Multicenter Evaluation

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH) are among the most common neurosurgical pathologies. Older adults also often have comorbidities treated with anticoagulant and antiplatelet (ACAP) medications. Managing clinicians frequently must weigh the benefits and...

Endoscopic versus catheter-based minimally invasive evacuation of spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) includes endoscopic evacuation and catheter-based evacuation (aspiration or drainage ± thrombolysis), but comparative performance remains uncertain. We performed a systematic...

Decomposing the impact of structural change on GDP and transport volume: Evidence from Mexico and USA

Economic activity and its structure (i.e. tertiary, secondary and primary sectors) are strongly linked to the transport of goods and people. Transport is a central driver of energy consumption and generates negative externalities. The decoupling of transport demand from energy us...

Proteomics in cardiology: research and practice

Despite recent advances in prevention and treatment, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of premature death and disability globally, with a rising burden in many low- and middle-income countries. Several modifiable determinants of CVD are well-established (eg, sm...

Trust me, I’m a doctor: a phenomenological account of epistemic privilege in the medical context

In recent years, scholars have exposed epistemic injustices in the medical context that distort the clinical relationship and maintain power imbalances. While there has been a prominent focus on how this imbalance impacts those with diminished epistemic credibility, this is only...

Risk factors for scaphoid nonunion in acute fractures treated with cast immobilization

Aims: There is a lack of published evidence relating to the risk factors for nonunion seen in acute scaphoid fractures. We aimed to describe the risk factors for nonunion in adult patients (aged ≥ 16 years) treated with cast immobilization for acute scaphoid fractures. Methods: W...

Ruling In and Ruling Out Sepsis Using Likelihood Ratios of a Host Response Assay

Overview: SeptiCyte RAPID is an FDA-cleared gene expression test that quantifies host immune response to aid in the diagnosis of sepsis. The test yields a score (the SeptiScore) ranging from 0–15, distributed across four bands (1–4) based on increased likelihood of sepsis. Each b...

Reduced Complexity Model Intercomparison Project phase 3: experimental protocol for coordinated constraining and evaluation of reduced-complexity models

Abstract. Reduced-Complexity Models (RCMs) are a critical tool for synthesising climate science knowledge and providing climate projections for a wide range of emissions scenarios. The Reduced-Complexity Model Intercomparison Project (RCMIP) provides a framework for the coordinat...

FAIR Benchmark - Assistance for Life Science Repositories and Knowledgebases: Conceptual Requirements

FAIR LS ARK is a structured benchmark (FAIRsharing record, Gitbook documentation) for assessing the FAIR-enabling qualities of life science databases registered in FAIRsharing. It evaluates database-level characteristics, not individual datasets or other records contained within...

Automation and autocommunication: A typology of self-communication with wearables

This is a preprint of an article submitted for consideration in the International Journal of Communication.

Natural factors, not land use type, determine topsoil mercury levels in the urbanized mosaic of the Hengduan Mountains, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Context It is widely recognized that contaminants in urban topsoil can present substantial threats to ecosystems and human health. Mercury (Hg) is a persistent pollutant arising from both anthropogenic (industrial and transport emissions) and natural (e.g. biomass burning, weathe...

Automation and autocommunication: A typology of self-communication with wearables

This is a preprint of an article submitted for consideration in the International Journal of Communication.

FAIR Benchmark - Assistance for Life Science Repositories and Knowledgebases: Conceptual Requirements

FAIR LS ARK is a structured benchmark (FAIRsharing record, Gitbook documentation) for assessing the FAIR-enabling qualities of life science databases registered in FAIRsharing. It evaluates database-level characteristics, not individual datasets or other records contained within...

Robust field-free superconducting diode effect in FeTe0.55Se0.45

The superconducting diode effect (SDE), a nonreciprocal phenomenon where the critical supercurrent differs depending on the direction of current flow, is a promising foundation for superconducting logic and memory. Realizing its full potential requires a diode that operates witho...