University of Kentucky

Risky Substance Use Behaviors Among Adolescents Residing in Non-Metropolitan and Metropolitan Counties in the United States, 2017-2018

Overview of Key Findings Tobacco Use. The prevalence of any past year tobacco use was significantly higher among non-metropolitan than metropolitan adolescents (13.9% vs. 8.3%). Daily cigarette use in the past 30 days was more than 3 times more prevalent among non-metropolitan th...

Major Depression, Treatment Receipt, and Treatment Sources among Non-Metropolitan and Metropolitan Adults

Overview of Key Findings 7.8% of non-metropolitan (weighted number of persons=2,755,020) and 7.1% of metropolitan (weighted number of persons=14,868,655) adults had past year major depression. Treatment receipt (seeing a health professional or using prescription medication for de...

Do Hospital Closures Affect Patient Time in an Ambulance?

Abstract When a hospital closes in a community, patients needing emergency care may spend more time in an ambulance to receive care in an emergency department (ED). We explore how hospital closures affect the time a patient travels from an incident location where 9-1-1 was called...

Rural/Urban Disparities in Utilization of Medical Nutrition Therapy to the Fee-for-Service Medicare Population

Overview of Key Findings In 2016, 21.8% of the fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare population resided in a rural county, but only 3.7% of enrollees residing in a county with utilization of Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) services were rural county residents. Utilization of MNT service...

Partial Psychiatric Hospitalization Program Availability in Non-Metropolitan and Metropolitan Hospitals Nationally

Overview of Key Findings Partial psychiatric hospitalization programs (PPHPs) are intended to reduce or avoid inpatient stays by allowing patients to reside at home while receiving intensive psychiatric services in outpatient settings. A significantly smaller proportion of non-me...

Suicidal Thoughts, Plans, and Attempts by Non-Metropolitan and Metropolitan Residence

Key Findings Mean prevalence rates for suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts were significantly higher (P < .05) among residents of non-metropolitan than large metropolitan counties. The adjusted odds of suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts did not improve significantly from 2...

Perceived Treatment Need and Utilization for Illicit Drug and Opioid Use Disorders in Non-Metropolitan Areas

The policy brief provides nationally representative estimates of perceived treatment need and utilization for illicit drug and prescription pain reliever use disorders among non-metropolitan and metropolitan adults ages 18-64.

Illicit Drug and Opioid Use Disorders among Non-Metropolitan Residents

Illicit drug use disorder rates are similar across metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas and did not decline from 2011-2013 to 2014-2015 despite the implementation of major substance use treatment policies over this time period.

Rural/Urban Disparities in Utilization of Diabetes Self-Management Training to the Fee-for-Service Medicare Population

Overview of Key Findings In 2016, rural fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare beneficiaries represented 21.7% of the population diagnosed with diabetes, but only 2.7% of the population utilizing Diabetes Self-Management Training. Utilization of DSMT services in 2016 occurred in 76 rural...

Delivery of Anticancer Gold-Dithiocarbamate via Thiolated Chitosan Nanoparticles

Abstract Thiolated chitosan nanoparticles (TCNs) are versatile biomaterials with applications in tissue engineering, coatings, wound healing, and drug delivery. Their biodegradability and ability to conjugate sulfhydryl-containing payloads make TCNs attractive as carriers for con...

ABFR-KAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Functional Brain Analysis

Functional connectivity analysis is widely used for computer-aided brain disorder diagnosis, but conventional atlas- based approaches can introduce structural bias and overlook subject-specific brain function. Addressing this, we propose Advanced Brain Function Representation wit...

Inefficacy of essential oil-based products used as residuals for German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) control

German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae), remain one of the most challenging indoor pests to manage. Current pest management practices rely heavily on synthetic insecticides, but insecticide resistance has rendered many of these products ineffective. F...

Spatial Analysis of Health Care Utilization among Medicare Beneficiaries with Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis and Other Related Pneumoconiosis

Overview of Key Findings The states with the highest number of Medicare beneficiaries with coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP) were Kentucky, West Virginia, Virginia, and Pennsylvania. Significant clustering of health care utilization rates for Medicare beneficiaries with CWP was...

Generational changes in lung function in adults from several world regions: results from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study

This study estimated birth cohort effects on lung function using BOLD (Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease) data from 28 569 adults born between 1902 and 1976 across 41 sites in 34 countries. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) and the FEV 1 /FVC...

High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features: a clinical and genomic analysis of prognostic factors using a large cohort

BACKGROUND: High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP) is a recently defined tumor type that is not well-understood. Prognostic factors of clinical outcomes are not well-established. METHODS: Methylation profiling was performed on tumor samples, many at the National Cance...

Density ternary Goldbach for primes in a fixed residue class

We prove that if A is a subset of those primes which are congruent to 1 ( mod 3 ) such that the relative density of A in this residue class is larger than 1 2 , then every sufficiently large odd integer n which satisfies n ≡ 0 ( mod 3 ) can be written as a sum of three primes fro...

A scoping review of positive youth development coach education programmes: implications for future research

Many positive youth development-focused coach education programmes (PYD-focused CEPs) have been designed to help coaches learn the processes and mechanisms associated with fostering life skills and values, amongst other PYD outcomes. Previous reviews of PYD through sport have foc...

Trends in Pediatric Firearm Injuries: 2016–2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Firearm injuries (FIs) are the leading cause of death for children and adolescents in the United States. Prior studies noted increases in pediatric FI emergency department (ED) visits early in the pandemic, but long-term trends are unclear. METHODS: We cond...

Laryngeal Carcinoma Treatment Outcomes in Female Patients

ABSTRACT Objective This study aims to describe characteristics of female patients with laryngeal cancer and to compare surgical and non‐surgical treatment. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed as a multicenter study with data collected from all female patients diagn...

Bridging tumor growth dynamics and survival in preclinical oncology drug development – a Tumor Growth Inhibition and Time-to-Event (TGI-TTE) modeling framework

To develop a tumor growth inhibition and time-to-event (TGI-TTE) modeling framework linking drug exposure, tumor dynamics, and survival. Modeling used preclinical efficacy studies with MTMSA-Trp, a preclinical-stage anti-tumor agent for Ewing sarcoma. Tumor volume and survival da...