University of California System

Global origins of tuna and billfish fisheries reveal the transition from coastal access to oceanic exploitation

Ocean ecosystems have played a crucial role in people’s lives around the world for millennia. However, questions persist about when, why, and how people first began removing biomass from offshore habitats and established fisheries in distant, oceanic environments. We explore the...

Conceptualizing and measuring psychological resilience in the context of physical limitations in later life: a scoping review

Objective Psychological resilience may support adaptation to physical limitations, but definitions and measures vary. This scoping review examined how psychological resilience has been conceptualized and measured among older adults, focusing on studies addressing physical limitat...

Review of Current Techniques for Tracking as Behavior Across Micro-Interfaces in Paddy

Arsenic (As) in rice poses health risks, and the soil micro-interface is the key zone controlling As transformation and migration in the soil-water-rice system. Sharp redox transitions along the soil-water interface and rhizosphere cause simultaneous millimeter-scale changes in r...

Developing a drug-level feedback adherence counseling intervention for young MSM in the U.S.

Background: Young men who have sex with men (MSM) in the U.S. have suboptimal adherence to oral tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), undermining HIV prevention goals. Drug-level feedback using urine point-of-care tenofovir assays has improved adherence in Eastern and...

Large language models unlock the ecology of species interactions

Species interactions shape population dynamics, geographic distributions, evolutionary trajectories, and responses to environmental change. Yet data on these interactions remain scarce across broad spatial, temporal, and taxonomic scales because they are difficult to collect in t...

Creating nurturing environments: Addressing domestic violence to improve early childhood development outcomes

Optimal early childhood development (ECD) is critical for long-term health and economic well-being. Over a quarter of young children across low- and middle-income countries face developmental delays. Domestic violence (DV) is harmful to children's healthy development. Using a dif...

Associations between substance use by type and HIV viral suppression across multiple cohorts in the US

Substance use among people with HIV (PWH) represents an important obstacle to further reductions in HIV transmission. Using data from a diverse collection of five studies including people with HIV in care and those in community cohorts, we report results for analyses of the assoc...

Association of Anxiety and Depression with Mortality in Rural Nepal: A 16-Year Longitudinal Community Cohort Study

Background: Common mental health conditions are associated with increased mortality, but longitudinal evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains limited. We aimed to examine whether baseline depression and anxiety were associated with all-cause mortality over...

Prehospital Stroke Treatment Trials in Conventional EMS Settings: An Expert Consensus Statement on Operational, Ethical, and Technological Priorities

Prehospital stroke trials enable assessments of ultraearly administration of treatments and management strategies, but face unique challenges in their design, conduct, and analysis. We outline important considerations and recommendations for planning prehospital stroke trials, fo...

Temporal stability and characteristics of breeding sites for Anopheles coluzzii, a major malaria vector on the island of São Tomé

Abstract Background Characterization of mosquito breeding sites is important for efficient, targeted vector control. Such information is lacking for the tropical African island of São Tomé where malaria cases are low but persistent and larvicidal control is regularly utilized. He...

Distinct inflammatory marker profiles of adolescents and young adults among the HIV risk, infection, and treatment spectrum

Abstract Youth living with or at HIV-risk exhibit distinct immune perturbations during HIV exposure, infection, and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Understanding immune perturbations is critical for development of tailored prevention and enhanced therapeutic strategies. We performe...

SN 2024iss: A Multiwavelength Exposé of a Type IIb Supernova with an Early-time Ultraviolet Spectrum and Shock-breakout Constraints

Abstract We present multiwavelength observations and analysis of SN 2024iss, a Type IIb supernova (SN IIb) located at ∼14 Mpc. The first Zwicky Transient Facility detection of SN 2024iss is ∼40 minutes after first light (one of the earliest detections of a SN IIb to date) and a H...

Emergent states and algebras from the double-scaling limit of pure states in SYK

A bstract Recent work has emphasized a subtlety of large- N limits in AdS/CFT: a sequence of pure states in the microscopic theory need not remain pure with respect to the emergent algebra of observables. We study this phenomenon for Kourkoulou-Maldacena (KM) states in the double...

Water-Enabled Conversion of NO and CO to NH3 over CuO x Clusters via Hydrolysis of Surface –NCO Intermediates

Abstract The catalytic conversion of gaseous NO to NH3 offers a promising dual-benefit strategy for environmental remediation and sustainable chemical synthesis. Herein, CuO/Al2O3 catalysts with varied CuO loadings (x wt %, xCu/Al) were developed for the possible NH3 production f...

Cybersexual moral panics: governing desire in the age of digital censorship

Drawing on the intellectual legacy of Shannon Bell, I argue that pornography has been politically retooled as a capacious moral category through which non-normative gender and sexuality are rendered threats to social order. Focusing on ‘Project 2025’ as a central case study, I de...

Downstream of β-catenin: A positive feedback loop between Goosecoid and Nodals in Spemann’s organizer

We report on the role of the homeobox gene goosecoid ( gsc ) within an epistatic pathway that mediates body axis formation in Xenopus . Embryos depleted of β-catenin form exclusively ventral structures and lack all traces of axial structures. Microinjection of gsc mRNA rescues an...

Advances in Biomarker Discovery for Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, representing a major global public health challenge [...]

Understanding the Microscopic Structure of Counterion Condensation Near a Charged Polypeptoid Surface

Abstract The molecular-level study of the electrical double layer is key to understanding ion solvation, adsorption, and transport in many electrochemical and biological systems. Here, we combine the modified Gaussian renormalized fluctuation theory and molecular dynamics simulat...

Redirecting Carbon Flux Toward 2-Ketoglutarate Enables Photoautotrophic 1,4-Butanediol Production from CO2

Abstract Engineered cyanobacteria offer a sustainable platform for the conversion of light and CO2 into value-added chemicals. Unlike heterotrophic systems, cyanobacteria do not require organic carbon sources such as glycerol, glucose, or sucrose. In this study, we engineered Syn...

Observation of Weak Driving-Force Dependence of Hydride Formation with Iron Carbonyl Clusters

Abstract Metal-hydride formation reactions are common elementary reactions in catalytic systems, including fuel formation and organic transformations. Here, metal-hydride formation rates with metal carbonyl clusters [Fe4N(CO)12]− and [Fe5N(CO)15]− were determined in MeCN and aque...