Tsinghua University

Rapid general electromagnetic analysis of metallic surfaces via conformal energy minimization

We recently found that the electromagnetic scattering problem can be solved efficiently using an approach that expresses the fields in terms of a set of orthonormal basis functions. In this paper, we apply computational conformal geometry with the conformal energy minimization (C...

UltrafastSwitchable Polar and Magnetic Orders byNonlinear Light–Matter Interaction

Abstract An outstanding challenge in materials science and physics is the harnessing of light for switching ferroic orders in, e.g., ferroelectrics. Here, we propose a mechanism through which electrons in few-layer 2D materials excited with above-bandgap light cause ionic structu...

Tracking the baryon number with nuclear collisions

Baryon quantum number is found to be conserved since baryogenesis in the early Universe. Conventionally, each fractionally charged valence quark is understood to carry one-third of a baryon number. An alternative hypothesis posits that baryon number is instead carried by a baryon...

Multiscale SynapticDynamics of T-Cell AntigenRecognition

Abstract T-cell antigen recognition plays an essentially important role in adaptive immunity, enabling pathogen clearance and the elimination of abnormal cells. Recent studies have identified the force-dependent property of TCR–pMHC (TM) bonds as a key for antigen recognition, wi...

Advances and Applications of Computational Design Methods in Structural Design

Abstract Computational design has profoundly influenced structural design. However, its integration into the structural design workflow remains limited, leaving considerable room for further development. To facilitate a more systematic review of this topic, this paper proposes a...

Deciphering the Roleof Hydrophobic Amino Acid l -Methionine in Tuning CO2 Hydrate Kinetics:Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Abstract CO2 clathrate hydrate has emerged as a promising medium for carbon sequestration owing to its exceptionally high CO2 storage capacity and intrinsic stability in subsea environments. Sluggish growth kinetics hinder its field application and large-scale deployment. The hyd...

Where to Restore:Hydrological Connectivity DifferentiatesEcological Restoration Outcomes in Dam-Regulated Rivers

Abstract Ecological stabilization of sandbars is essential for maintaining habitat integrity in dam-regulated rivers, yet whether restoration effectiveness varies systematically within project areas and is predictable from design-phase hydrological data remains largely unexamined...

Hierarchical Enzyme Function Prediction Based on Structural Confidence and Active-Site-Aware Attention

Accurate enzyme function prediction is important for protein functional annotation, drug discovery, metabolic-pathway analysis, and synthetic biology. Although recent structure-based methods have improved Enzyme Commission (EC) number prediction, they still have several limitatio...

Reversible Oxygen Redoxin High Voltage for Lithium-RichLayered Oxides

Abstract Lithium-rich layered oxides, characterized by Li ions in the transition-metal layers, can significantly increase battery energy density through the introduction of oxygen redox. However, these cathodes often suffer from substantial voltage hysteresis, leading to a consid...

Molecular Anisotropyand Angular Redistribution inLayering Adsorption of Nitrogen in Model Carbon Slit Pores

Molecular orientation is commonly averaged out in adsorption models, yet anisotropic adsorbates near regular interfaces can exhibit orientation-dependent stabilization at low coverage. Here we examine how the explicit diatomic representation of nitrogen affects layering adsorptio...

Goal-directed synergistic fusion navigation for robust localization under cross-scenario spatial uncertainty

Abstract A goal-directed synergistic fusion navigation framework is essential for enabling accurate and reliable navigation of autonomous unmanned systems across diverse operational scenario environments, especially under challenging conditions such as Global Navigation Satellite...

Reinforcement Learning in the Era of Large Language Models: Challenges and Opportunities

Reinforcement learning (RL), is becoming essential in the post-training of large language models (LLMs), enhancing their capabilities and alignment with human preferences. However, adapting conventional RL to LLMs introduces challenges stemming from their massive parameter size a...

Steering Structural Reconstruction in CO2 Electroreduction Catalysts

Abstract Structural reconstruction of electrocatalysts during the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a critical yet complex dynamic process that profoundly influences catalytic performance. It governs the creation, transformation, and degradation of active sites, thereby presentin...

Noninvasive 3D mapping of tissue stress using reverberant shear wave

Abstract Mechanical stress is a fundamental aspect of soft tissues that influences cellular behavior and tissue integrity, yet noninvasive imaging of stress in vivo remains a major challenge. Conventional magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) measures tissue stiffness but not str...

Pilot-scale investigation of mass transfer and performance of NO 2 absorption in alkaline scrubbing systems

This study addresses the critical challenge of NO2 mass transfer efficiency in wet denitration systems through a pilot-scale investigation of oxidation-alkali-coupled absorption. Utilizing dual Φ600 mm packed towers equipped with polypropylene 350Y structured packing, the perform...

Temporal- and Spatial-Resolved Characterization of Zeolite-Based Catalysts

Abstract Zeolites and metal-zeolite catalysts are the cornerstones of heterogeneous catalysis, where performance is governed by the structural dynamics and spatial distribution of active sites. However, conventional characterization often lacks the spatiotemporal resolution neede...

Phosphoantigen-driven dissociation of butyrophilin oligomers activates γδ T cells

γδ T cells represent a promising avenue for cancer immunotherapy. The Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell receptor (TCR), which is expressed by the predominant subset of γδ T cells, responds to phosphoantigen (pAg)-engaged butyrophilins (BTNs) on various cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanism...

Spin-quenching cobalt center for efficient ammonia synthesis derived from oxide mixology

The spin polarization plays a critical role in heterogeneous catalysis by influencing the properties of active sites and thereby altering catalytic performance. However, precise construction of active sites with well-tuned spin states remains challenging. Here we demonstrate to m...

Ag-iPyramidSERS Enables Single-Particle Detectionof Sub-200 nm Nanoplastics in Real Samples

Abstract The detection of nanoplastics smaller than 200 nm is critical because of their potential to cross biological barriers, yet it remains a significant analytical challenge in complex environmental matrices due to weak signals and matrix interference. Here, we developed an o...

Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of asthma: from bench to bedside

Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic airway disease arising from a complex interplay of genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures. Key pathobiological features include dysregulated immune responses (particularly type 2 inflammation), structural airway remodeling, and mucus...