Istituto di Scienze Marine del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche

A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean-colour satellite applications – version four

Abstract. A global in situ dataset for validation of satellite products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) is presented. This version of the compilation, with data starting in 1996, extends to 2025, which is important for the validation of recent algorit...

Measuring Ocean Surface Waves

Abstract Propagating waves on the ocean surface can be represented as a stochastic process whose statistics are characterized by a spectrum. This paper reviews methods for measuring the wave spectrum and related quantities. Observations begin by sensing fluid dynamical properties...

AOPQ-Net Acoustic–Optical Proposal Query Network for Underwater Multimodal Object Detection

Optical cameras and imaging sonars are widely used sensors in autonomous underwater vehicles. However, their different imaging mechanisms introduce substantial cross-modal discrepancies in the acquired data. In addition, underwater optical images are often degraded by low illumin...

Mantle heterogeneity drives spreading center dynamics at Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge

The Mohns and Knipovich mid-ocean ridges in the Arctic Ocean are ideal settings to investigate the dynamics of spreading centers, being the region affected by intricate interplays between oblique plate kinematics and curved plate boundary geometry. Furthermore, significant mantle...

Ferdinandea Island and Graham Bank, Sicily Channel: An Integrated Historical, Geological and Geomorphological Synthesis of a Shallow Submarine Monogenetic Volcanic Field

Ferdinandea Island, part of a shallow-water submarine volcanic field, emerged in the Sicily Channel between Italy and Tunisia in July 1831 and was eroded below sea level within months; its submerged remnant forms the shallowest water depth region of Graham Bank. Here, we review n...