Istituto di Scienze Marine del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche

Multi-predator feeding aggregations: understanding dynamic communities through functional niches and demographic analysis tools

Abstract Multi-predator feeding aggregations (MPFAs) are ocean events whereby two or more species forage on the same or co-occurring prey. Such communities are dynamic, with community structure reflecting the connections between species and the benefits and costs of associations....

Multiple strategies and cues define baleen whale migration

Migration is a do-or-die life-history strategy, yet factors shaping it remain poorly studied in many marine taxa, as direct observations are difficult. Building on animal migration theory, we used satellite tracking data from 21 southern right whales tagged in Aotearoa New Zealan...

The Mediterranean Extreme Events Experiment and storm Harry in January 2026

Abstract The Global Observing System (GOS) includes drifting buoys with barometers whose surface pressure observations are essential for estimating the current state of the atmosphere and ocean for Numerical Weather Prediction. The Global Drifter Program, a scientific project bas...

Integrated retrieval of ocean surface wind and current fields from single-geometry SAR observations through a physically constrained Bayesian framework

Ocean surface winds and currents are coupled through air–sea interaction but are commonly retrieved independently from spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR). For operational single-geometry SAR, simultaneous wind–current retrieval is underdetermined and remains reliant on bac...

Unsupervised ecosystem risk assessment in the Baltic Sea reveals bottom-oxygen depletion and fishing pressure as key threats in species-abundant hotspots

Abstract Marine ecosystems are increasingly shaped by the combined effects of multiple environmental and anthropogenic stressors, generating non-linear, spatially heterogeneous patterns of risks to ecosystem functioning. The Baltic Sea represents a paradigmatic system where geogr...

Extratropical teleconnections in a multi-model ensemble nudged towards the observed QBO

The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), the dominant mode of interannual variability of monthly-mean zonal winds and temperatures in the equatorial stratosphere, has a significant influence on the circulation in other regions of the stratosphere and troposphere in boreal winter. To...

Distinct constraints but shared dynamics shape the macroevolution of volatile organic compound chemodiversity

Complex metabolic systems have evolved across the tree of life, producing remarkable chemodiversity, yet the structure and evolutionary modes underlying this diversity remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the macroevolution of chemodiversity using a comprehensive datase...

MSP4BIO Deliverable 3.4: Ecological toolkit (ESE1) for MPAs prioritization and networking

The Ecological Toolkit (ESE1) was developed to support the design, establishment and management of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) by improving decision-making processes, focusing on prioritisation of areas, integration of connectivity processes and assessment of human impacts on m...

The impact of stochastic sea ice perturbations on seasonal forecasts

Abstract. Sea ice ensemble forecasts can be highly underdispersive, meaning that the ensemble spread is notably lower than the average forecast error. One common strategy to address underdispersion is to add stochastic perturbations to the forecasts. We detail the implementation...

MSP4BIO Deliverable 3.4: Ecological toolkit (ESE1) for MPAs prioritization and networking

The Ecological Toolkit (ESE1) was developed to support the design, establishment and management of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) by improving decision-making processes, focusing on prioritisation of areas, integration of connectivity processes and assessment of human impacts on m...

A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean-colour satellite applications – version four

Abstract. A global in situ dataset for validation of satellite products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) is presented. This version of the compilation, with data starting in 1996, extends to 2025, which is important for the validation of recent algorit...

Measuring Ocean Surface Waves

Abstract Propagating waves on the ocean surface can be represented as a stochastic process whose statistics are characterized by a spectrum. This paper reviews methods for measuring the wave spectrum and related quantities. Observations begin by sensing fluid dynamical properties...

Mantle heterogeneity drives spreading center dynamics at Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge

The Mohns and Knipovich mid-ocean ridges in the Arctic Ocean are ideal settings to investigate the dynamics of spreading centers, being the region affected by intricate interplays between oblique plate kinematics and curved plate boundary geometry. Furthermore, significant mantle...

AOPQ-Net Acoustic–Optical Proposal Query Network for Underwater Multimodal Object Detection

Optical cameras and imaging sonars are widely used sensors in autonomous underwater vehicles. However, their different imaging mechanisms introduce substantial cross-modal discrepancies in the acquired data. In addition, underwater optical images are often degraded by low illumin...

Ferdinandea Island and Graham Bank, Sicily Channel: An Integrated Historical, Geological and Geomorphological Synthesis of a Shallow Submarine Monogenetic Volcanic Field

Ferdinandea Island, part of a shallow-water submarine volcanic field, emerged in the Sicily Channel between Italy and Tunisia in July 1831 and was eroded below sea level within months; its submerged remnant forms the shallowest water depth region of Graham Bank. Here, we review n...