Imperial College London

Diffusion in deforming semi-permeable media: a Monte Carlo random walk approach

Abstract Diffusion processes in deforming media with semi-permeable barriers are fundamental to understanding many biological and physical systems. The presence of semi-permeable barriers causes temporal and spatial departures from normal diffusion. We present an analytic express...

Global trade-offs between consumption, carbon prices and equity

As the remaining carbon budget continues to dwindle, economic growth strains efforts to limit global warming to 1.5 °C. Reducing unnecessary production and consumption in high-income regions and among the wealthy, and organising production more around human needs and human well-b...

Effects of maternal and paternal smoking on offspring cardiometabolic risk factors in adulthood: a multi-method intergenerational Mendelian randomization study

Abstract Background Parental smoking has been linked to several adverse offspring cardiometabolic outcomes; however, evidence is conflicting regarding the causal and long-term nature of these associations. Methods We investigated the effects of maternal and paternal smoking, capt...

The mirrored burden and accountable handovers in cancer survivorship: co‑designing a post‑treatment transition standard

Post-treatment transitions after active cancer care often lack clear ownership, timelines and closure rules, shifting coordination work onto survivors and staff. We aimed to identify how these failures arise and to co-design a handover standard for post-treatment survivorship car...

Determinantal Diophantine Linear Algebra: Foundations and Lorentz--Fermat Factorization

We propose \emph{determinantal Diophantine linear algebra} as a systematic framework for integer and rational solutions of prescribed-determinant equations inside affine linear families of matrices. A datum consists of an integral affine matrix pencil\[ \mathcal A(\mathbf x)=A_0+...

In-depth characterisation of the tumour microenvironment reveals HHV-8-dependent immune regulation in HIV-associated and classic Kaposi sarcoma

BACKGROUND: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common malignancy occurring in people living with HIV (PLWH). The clinical course of KS in PLWH established on combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART) resembles that of classic KS. OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical and biological ch...

The influence of hypoxia on cancer lipid metabolism: a scoping review

Abstract Background Hypoxia, a hallmark of solid tumours, profoundly alters cellular metabolism to enable survival in the harsh tumour microenvironment. Whilst effects on carbohydrate and protein metabolism are well characterised, the hypoxic regulation of lipid metabolism remain...

Spatiotemporal patterns of ambient NO2 and NO pollution in Kigali Rwanda

Abstract Kigali, like many cities in sub-Saharan Africa, faces rapid urban growth alongside the need to manage air pollution and protect public health. Despite its policy efforts, systematic data on nitrogen oxides (NO x : NO 2 and NO), key indicators of combustion-related pollut...

The Zooplankton International Geospatial dataset: A global repository of spatiotemporal freshwater zooplankton community composition data from lakes and reservoirs to support ecological research

Abstract Zooplankton transfer substantial energy in aquatic food webs and are used as indicators of environmental change. Syntheses of zooplankton community dynamics globally require datasets that span a wide range of environmental gradients; however, these datasets are limited d...

EFECT enables reliable and reproducible stochastic simulations across disciplines

Stochastic simulations underpin computational research in fields from systems biology and epidemiology to finance and physics-informed machine learning, yet their reproducibility is hard to quantify because each run yields different outcomes. Existing practices to improve computa...

Modelling the effects of travel time use on mode choice and the value of travel time savings: tackling self-selection and endogeneity bias

Preferences for travel-based activities may lead individuals to choose travel modes that best accommodate activity needs. In theory, “passengerised” modes, such as public transport and automated vehicles (AVs), could become the preferred travel options, as they enable a wider ran...

Ligase enzymes for the synthesis of peptide therapeutics

Peptides are widely used as therapeutics and in many other important applications. However, current chemical synthesis of peptides is highly step- and atom-inefficient, requiring deleterious reagents and solvents, which creates harmful waste. Alternative methods for more sustaina...

Determinantal Diophantine Linear Algebra: Foundations and Lorentz--Fermat Factorization

We propose \emph{determinantal Diophantine linear algebra} as a systematic framework for integer and rational solutions of prescribed-determinant equations inside affine linear families of matrices. A datum consists of an integral affine matrix pencil\[ \mathcal A(\mathbf x)=A_0+...

Objective Measurement of the Learning Curve in Live Laparoscopic Surgery: A Scoping Review of Methods

Objective This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the methodology used when defining the learning curve (LC) in live laparoscopic surgery. Design This review was performed in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses extension for...

Ultrafast switching of optical properties in a doped semiconductor by intense femtosecond laser pulses

The rapid switching of materials when excited by ultrashort pulses of light is central for many optical technologies, and in particular to the developing field of time-varying metamaterials. These out-of-equilibrium interactions are difficult to capture with traditional theoretic...

Nut consumption and the risk of hypertension: a systematic review and dose response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Abstract Previous studies have suggested that a high intake of nuts may reduce the risk of hypertension, however, the available data have been limited. Several additional studies have recently been published on the topic. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analys...

Comparison of NICE criteria with the BOADICEA multifactorial risk model to guide breast cancer risk assessment and referral amongst women under age 50 within primary care

BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends that women at above-population-level risk of breast cancer (BC) are offered enhanced screening and risk-reducing interventions. Identification of these women largely relies on referral through pri...

Artificial intelligence awareness, usage, and readiness among fellows of the West African college of physicians

Abstract Background Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare globally, but its adoption remains limited in low- and middle-income countries, such as those in West Africa. Physician educators are central to AI uptake, making their awareness and readiness crucial. Th...

Screen Use and Emotional, Behavioral, and Social Development in Children

Importance: The association between electronic screen use and psychosocial development in children remains unclear. Few studies account for longitudinal associations or fully adjust for key covariates such as family functioning. Objective: To evaluate the cross-sectional associat...

Employment and disability: societal ableism, serendipity, and universal design (1919)

Drawing on the author’s lived experience, qualitative research, and policy analysis, this article discusses some issues experienced by disabled workers. It critiques the limitations of existing initiatives, such as Access to Work and the Disability Confident scheme, highlighting...