Chinese Academy of Sciences

ODIN: Confirmation and 3D Reconstruction of Six Massive Protoclusters at Cosmic Noon

Abstract Protoclusters represent sites of accelerated galaxy formation and extreme astrophysical activity characteristic of dense environments. Identifying massive protoclusters and mapping their spatial structures are therefore crucial for understanding how large-scale environme...

Anisotropy of Satellite Galaxies. I. Contrasting Correlations with Central Galaxy, Host Halo, and Large-scale Filament Structures

Abstract Using the SIMBA, EAGLE, and IllustrisTNG-100 galaxy formation simulations, we examine the anisotropy of the satellite distribution and its dependencies on central galaxies, host halos, and cosmic filaments. We find that in all simulations, the satellite anisotropy is rob...

Seasonal plant-microbial coupling regulates carbon transformation pathways and soil organic carbon persistence in alpine grasslands

To elucidate the seasonal mechanisms underlying soil carbon cycling in alpine grasslands, we collected soil profile samples (0–50 cm) from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) in May, August, and November. Amino sugars and lignin phenols were used as molecular markers of microbial-der...

ClarifySTL: An Interactive LLM Agent Framework for STL Transformation through Requirements Clarification

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a formal language for specifying real-time behaviors of cyber-physical systems (CPS). Automatically transforming natural language requirements into STL specifications has received growing attention. Recent efforts leveraging large language models (L...

Cascading risks in the global nickel supply chain and their implications for battery-based electrification

Global electrification is rapidly increasing nickel demand because of its role in nickel-rich battery chemistries. Yet the systemic vulnerabilities of the global nickel supply chain and their implications for battery-related electrification remain insufficiently understood. Here,...

Torsional wake stiffness and the dynamic response of tethered tandem cylinders in the subcritical and critical regimes

This study experimentally investigates the stationary and dynamic characteristics of a tandem cylinder configuration in which the downstream cylinder is confined to rotate about a pivot point centered at a fixed upstream cylinder with a specified cylinder-to-cylinder spacing. Res...

AMOC Weakening Controls δ 18 O but Not Rainfall in North China During Deglacial Abrupt Events

Abstract East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) varied at orbital and millennial timescales during the Last Deglaciation (∼20–11 ka). The uniform δ 18 O response in East China is often linked to EASM circulation that drives a precipitation dipole in North and South China on orbital sca...

Chemosymbiotic trophic strategy in an Ediacaran tubular animal

Chemosymbiosis may have been a key driver of early animal evolution and diversification. Yet evidence for animal–microbe nutritional partnerships in the fossil record of early metazoans remains scarce, largely owing to the limited availability of robust geochemical proxies and su...

Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Zoning Optimization of Territorial Functional Adaptation in the Yunnan–Guangxi Border Region of China from a Development–Security Perspective

From the perspective of coordinating development and security for high-quality development in border regions, this paper focuses on the adaptation relationship between development and security functions in the Yunnan–Guangxi border region. The study aims to characterize the spati...

Dual General Position in Lexicographic Products with a Complete First Factor

Let G be a nonempty finite simple graph. For every m ≥ 2, we prove gp_d(K_m ∘ G) = m q_2(G), where q_2(G) is the maximum size of a set A ⊆ V(G) for which both G[A] and G[V(G) ∖ A] are complete, with value zero if no such set exists. This answers the published complete-first-facto...

Multi-Layer Soil Moisture Variability and Its Hydroclimatic Controls in Tajikistan, Central Asia

Tajikistan is highly vulnerable to climate change and depends heavily on agriculture, making soil moisture dynamics critical for water and food security. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of soil moisture variability across four depth layers (0–10 cm, 10–40 cm, 40–10...

Developmental trajectories and associated factors of cardiovascular disease risk among chinese miners: a 5-year prospective cohort study

To examine temporal patterns in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among miners, identify distinct latent trajectory classes, and evaluate factors associated with trajectory membership. We analyzed data from a miner health cohort in Huaibei, Anhui Province, China. Of 4,560 miners...

Mannooligosaccharides modulate mucin O-glycan–gut microbe interactions and preserve the intestinal barrier in weaned piglets

Abstract Background The intestinal microbiota and mucosal barrier are closely intertwined, with mucin O-glycans playing a key role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. However, how nutrition regulates mucin O-glycans remains poorly understood. This study investigated the regula...

Reconfiguration of rural social-spatial network by mobile social platform and its impact on apple farmer livelihoods: a case study of Li County, China

Abstract Digital transformation is profoundly reshaping rural socio-economic landscapes and livelihood trajectories worldwide. However, the spatially differentiated mechanisms through which specific mobile social platforms reconfigure farmers’ social-spatial networks and the cons...

Seismic Radial Anisotropy of the Southern Tibetan Rifts From Ambient Noise Adjoint Tomography: Basal Shear and Localized Crustal Weak Zones Promote Rifting

Abstract North–south‐trending rifts in southern Tibet record E–W extension within the Tibetan Plateau, closely linked to high gravitational potential energy from collisional thickening and northward underthrusting of the Indian lower crust. To reveal how basal shear is transmitte...

An algebraic 21-vertex intertwiner for a non-elliptic XYZ Lax operator

Fukai and Yamada introduced a Lax operator with a three-dimensional auxiliary space for the spin-1/2 XYZ chain whose entries are algebraic rather than elliptic. We give an explicit algebraic 9 × 9 intertwiner for this operator. The matrix has the 21-vertex pattern and is written...

Ga Doping Enables (110) Facet Control and Surface Passivation of SnO 2 for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

ABSTRACT Perovskite solar cells (pero‐SCs) with inverted ( p–i–n ) architecture have advanced rapidly, yet combining high efficiency with long‐term operational stability remains challenging, mainly due to commonly used organic cathode buffer layer (CBL) (between C 60 electron tra...

Machine learning-enhanced 4DVar assimilation for winter wheat yield estimation

Context Accurate crop yield estimation is crucial for ensuring food security, promoting sustainable agriculture, and optimizing management practices. However, integrating remote sensing data with crop models remains challenging, largely due to the inability of traditional data as...

Beyond the factor-driven paradigm: Spatiotemporal dynamics and system coupling of agricultural transition in Henan Province, China

The core of agricultural transition lies in changes to the various components of the agricultural systems and their interactions. Drawing on the social-ecological-technological systems (SETS) framework, this study developed an “element coupling–external manifestation” analytical...

An algebraic 21-vertex intertwiner for a non-elliptic XYZ Lax operator

Fukai and Yamada introduced a Lax operator with a three-dimensional auxiliary space for the spin-1/2 XYZ chain whose entries are algebraic rather than elliptic. We give an explicit algebraic 9 × 9 intertwiner for this operator. The matrix has the 21-vertex pattern and is written...