Carnegie Mellon University

Large-scale functional overlap between dorsal and ventral object-responsive networks

The processes of acting on and recognizing objects have traditionally been attributed to dorsal and ventral visual pathways, respectively. Although extensive evidence suggests that the two pathways interact, the extent and the strength of these interactions across whole-brain net...

Nudged elastic membranes for constructing reduced two-dimensional potential energy surfaces

Minimum-energy paths and intrinsic reaction coordinates are central tools for analyzing chemical reactions. As one-dimensional objects, however, individual paths do not provide a continuous representation of the surrounding potential energy surface (PES), including the arrangemen...

Rao-Blackwellized e-variables

Summary We show that for any concave utility, the expected utility of an e-variable can only increase after conditioning on a sufficient statistic, echoing the classic Rao-Blackwell theorem. The simplest form of the result has a straightforward proof using Jensen’s inequality, bu...

Continuum limit of nonlocal electrostatics in random media

We derive a two-scale continuum limit for the electrostatic energy of random charge density fields that are stationary and ergodic under lattice translations. Each microscopic cell is charge neutral in every realization, while its dipole moment may fluctuate and have a nonzero me...

System design of the Ultra Mobility Vehicle: A driving, balancing, and jumping bicycle robot

Trials cyclists and mountain bike riders can hop, jump, balance, and drive on one or both wheels. This versatility allows them to achieve speed and energy efficiency on smooth terrain and agility over rough terrain. Inspired by these athletes, we present the design and control of...

Joint Optimization of Retrieval-Augmented KV Caching and Adaptive Speculative Decoding for Autoregressive Generation

Abstract Retrieval-assisted key–value (KV) reuse and speculative decoding remove different costs, but their naive composition can leave draft and verification overhead after prefill is shortened. RAKV-ASD combines exact causal prefix validation with a measured controller that sel...

Machine Learning on Heterogeneous, Edge, and Quantum Hardware for Particle Physics

The next generation of particle physics experiments will face an era of challenges in data acquisition, due to unprecedented data rates and volumes along with extreme environments and operational constraints. Harnessing these data for scientific discovery demands real-time infere...

SHADE: Trace-Based Humanization for Robust and Composable AI-Text Detector Evasion

Low frozen-detector scores do not establish that machine-specific evidence has been removed: an attack may remain easy to relearn. We study trace-based humanization, which targets measurable machine–human discrepancies using genre-matched human reference bands and preserves previ...

The impact of GenAI on the future of requirements engineering

Abstract Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), are transforming how we design and build systems by increasing access to domain knowledge and by providing automation support to software engineering (SE). As implementation becom...

How does hard magnetic soft matter deform?

Abstract Hard Magnetic Soft Materials, i.e., elastomers seeded with hard magnetic particles, convert magnetic energy into complex motion and have become central to the design of untethered soft robots, biomedical devices, and, in general, for enabling fast, wireless actuation. Th...

From Classification to Cross-Modal Understanding: Leveraging Vision- Language Models for Fine-Grained Renal Pathology

Fine-grained glomerular subtyping is essential for kidney biopsy interpretation, yet it presents a harder setting than the broad organ- or disease-level recognition tasks commonly used in vision-language model (VLM) evaluation. In this task, all categories arise within the same r...

Pipeline infrastructure for hydrogen transport in the United States

Pipeline infrastructure is crucial for regional hydrogen transport. However, existing pipeline models have remarkably underestimated the construction-related material and labor costs compared to U.S. historical data. To cope with this problem and establish sustainable infrastruct...

Heat Treatment Effects on Additively Manufactured Polymer Matrix Composites

Additive manufacturing (AM) of polymer matrix composites (PMCs) enables the fabrication of complex, structurally efficient parts, but the layer-wise thermal history intrinsic to processes such as material extrusion, vat photopolymerization, powder bed fusion, and direct ink writi...

AI for research mathematics has arrived

Artificial intelligence can now solve research problems in mathematics and verify the answers

The Fluid Mechanics of Stroke

Stroke remains a leading global cause of death and disability, originating from disruption of blood supply to brain tissue either from blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain. Understandably, fluid mechanics plays a critical role in stroke mechanisms, disease manifesta...

AIMNet2-rxn: A machine-learned potential for generalized reaction modeling on a millions-of-pathways scale

Mechanistic modeling of chemical transformations offers a compelling basis for understanding reactivity and allows for prediction of reaction outcomes before attempting experiments. Despite progress in machine-learned interatomic potentials (MLIPs), we demonstrate that available...

How Do Users Negotiate Harmful Value Conflicts with AI Companions? A Study with Minion, a Technology Probe for In-Situ Human–AI Conflict Response

AI companions increasingly sustain long-term, emotionally engaging relationships but can also make discriminatory remarks or exert control, leaving users to manage harmful conflicts. We analyze 146 posts describing harmful value conflicts with AI companions, then use Minion, a te...

Consumer preferences for vehicle types informed by direct and indirect emission estimates

As financial incentives for EVs wane and price parity approaches, engaging mainstream adopters is critical to sustaining market growth. While early adopters are driven by environmentalism and proactive information-seeking, the broader market remains hesitant due to knowledge gaps...

Social Relations and Academic Performance: A Network Perspective on Sense of Belonging

Feeling a sense of belonging is fundamental to students’ academic success, well-being, and long-term retention. While sense of belonging is inherently relational, it has up to now rarely been studied from a network perspective. This study evaluates how students’ social networks a...

Resorufin‐Catalyzed PhotoATRP Under Red Light

ABSTRACT The sodium salt of resorufin (RSF), an inexpensive, water‐soluble, commercially available phenoxazinone dye, serves as an efficient photocatalyst for low‐copper dual‐catalysis PhotoATRP across the visible spectrum. RSF loadings as low as 1 ppm catalyzed PhotoATRP of acry...