Carnegie Mellon University

Impact of Microvascular Resistance on Coronary Hemodynamic Diagnostic Indices: A Multiscale Simulation Study

Abstract Purpose Coronary diagnostic indices—fractional flow reserve (FFR) and coronary flow reserve (CFR)—disagree in up to 30% of cases, complicating diagnosis and revascularization decisions. Microvascular health likely drives this discordance, but its isolated effect is chall...

Isolating Ligand Steric Effects on Metal Ion Reduction and Gold Nanoparticle Formation Pathways Using Au(I)–Phosphine Complexes

Abstract Steric effects are widely used to control molecular reactivity, yet their role in nanoparticle (NP) synthesis remains difficult to isolate and leverage because changes in ligand structure often alter both precursor electronic structure and resulting reduction thermodynam...

Benchmarking informal mobility in Africa: Evidence from Kigali for inclusive transportation planning

Urban mobility in sub-Saharan African cities is shaped by the widespread presence of informal transport services, yet their operational performance and spatial role remain insufficiently quantified. This study analyzes approximately 5 million motorbike taxi trips and 80,000 ride-...

An AI-Based Whole-Person Care Summarization Tool for Care Management Providers

To provide effective care and support to patients with complex medical and social needs, providers must have synthesized whole-person insights on their health-related social needs (HRSN). Often, the only sources of these insights are large numbers of unstructured data coming from...

k -mer-based Upstream Preprocessing of long reads for Isoform Discovery

Eukaryotic genes can encode multiple protein isoforms based on alternative splicing of their transcribed regions. Most modern novel isoform discovery methods function by identifying and assembling exon splice junctions from an RNA-seq sample. However, splice junctions can only be...

The adaptive role of the knee joint in maintaining the orbital stability during slope walking

Abstract Maintaining gait stability on sloped surfaces is a biomechanically demanding task. Previous studies revealed the effect of slopes on overall gait stability, but the joint-level mechanisms underlying the stability still remain unclear. Given that most active exoskeletons...

Extending Partition Coefficient Predictions from Key Solvent Systems to Biological and Environmental Systems via Linear Solvation Energy Relationship

Abstract Accurate prediction of equilibrium partition coefficients of organic compounds in biological and environmental media is critical for evaluating their environmental fate and bioaccumulation potential, as well as for guiding drug design and toxicology studies. Linear solva...

Unsupervised machine learning for placental disease using cell spatial organization

Artificial intelligence (AI) screening of placental slides and patient data uncovers decisive biomarkers, most notably decidual vasculopathy, that predict recurrent preeclampsia and adverse maternal–child outcomes 1–4 . Clinical adoption of such screening methods remains limited...

Surface Thermal State, Antecedent Hydroclimate, and Post-Fire Vegetation–Water Response in the Zambezi River Basin: A Multi-Source Environmental Time-Series Analysis

Wildfire in African savannas reflects coupled surface thermal, hydroclimatic, vegetation, and disturbance processes, but basin-scale time-series analyses can overstate mechanisms when temporal dependence and spatial heterogeneity are ignored. We assembled a monthly 2003–2024 mult...

AASFNet: Amplitude-Aware Spatial-Frequency Network for Low-Light Image Enhancement

Low-light images often suffer from uneven illumination, resulting in reduced brightness, low contrast, and increased noise interference. However, existing enhancement methods frequently lead to over- or under-enhancement, frequency domain distortion, or insufficient noise suppres...

Hot blue progenitors of stellar-mass black holes

Abstract While the connection between massive stars and supernova explosions is well established observationally, the link between massive stars and black hole formation remains elusive. Some massive stars may collapse directly to black holes without a successful supernova, and m...

Exploring baryon semileptonic decays through polarization and entanglement

Abstract The unitarity of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) matrix is a cornerstone of the standard model (SM). Precise tests of this unitarity require independent determinations of its elements, such as | V us |, which governs the transition between strange and up quarks. Curr...

When Adaptivity Counts: Hit-Count Inspection with Information-Only Queries

We study a hidden-set problem in which perfect point queries acquire information but earn no reward, while a separate exact-q terminal action earns its hit count. Every instance satisfies V_ad^# <= q V_batch^#; taking the supremum over all depths and finite positive-batch instanc...

Rationing by Race

We document how deepening resource scarcity results in rationing on the basis of race in a high-stakes setting: health care. Using detailed, time stamped data on 107,000 inpatient admissions to a large health system, we find that in-hospital mortality increases for Black but not...

Forest Kernel Balancing Weights: Outcome‐Guided Features for Causal Inference

While balancing covariates between groups is central for observational causal inference, selecting which features to balance remains a challenging problem. Kernel balancing is a promising approach that first estimates a kernel that captures similarity across units and then balanc...

A cortical output channel for perceptual categorization

Abstract Perceptual categorization allows the brain to transform diverse sensory inputs into discrete representations that support flexible behavior [1–7]. Auditory cortex (ACtx) has been implicated in this process [8–14], but the cell-type-specific circuits that implement catego...

The abundance and radial distribution of faint and ultra-faint dwarfs in galaxy clusters

Abstract Cosmological simulations of galaxy clusters are unable to resolve dwarf galaxies due to limited numerical resolution which drives the artificial disruption of dark matter substructures. We address these limitations by combining the results of the cosmological hydrodynami...

E-values as statistical evidence: a comparison to Bayes factors, likelihoods, and p-values

Abstract A recurring debate in the philosophy of statistics concerns what, exactly, should count as a measure of evidence for or against a given hypothesis. P-values, likelihood ratios, and Bayes factors all have their defenders. In this paper we add two additional candidates to...

Mitophagy and Noncoding RNA Regulation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Molecular Mechanisms, Tissue-Specific Evidence and Translational Perspective

Despite significant therapeutic advances, T2DM remains a global public health challenge that leads to multiple complications, including cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, and neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired mitophagy remain fundamental, yet incomp...

Differentiable Forward Modeling for Efficient and Accurate Shear Inference

Forthcoming Stage-IV dark energy optical surveys, such as LSST, have the ambitious goal of measuring cosmological parameters at sub-percent precision. Realizing their full scientific potential requires very precise measurement of the cosmic shear signal and control of correspondi...