Brown University

From lectures to learning outcomes: meaningful integration of AI-generated content in pre-clerkship medical training

Abstract Background Large Language Models (LLMs) can efficiently synthesize educational content, yet few studies have evaluated standardized, LLM-powered curricular interventions and their effects on medical student learning. Methods In this single-institution study, lecture-spec...

Appetitive trait profiles in late life: links to eating disorder psychopathology and psychosocial well-being

Abstract Objective Appetitive traits shape eating behaviors across the lifespan, yet their patterns and health correlates in later life remain poorly understood. This study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify distinct profiles of appetitive traits among older adults an...

The perils of omitting omissions when modeling evidence accumulation

Response deadlines are commonly imposed in decision-making research to incentivize speedy decisions and sustained attention. This procedure frequently leads to a proportion of trials in which no response is made, and these omissions are often simply removed from the data during a...

A host-adapted commensal fungus from pet store mice drives type 2 immunity and cross-kingdom protection.

serves as an exemplary commensal mycobiota model, revealing distinct mechanisms for host tolerance and immune modulation.

Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Brain Tumors: A Prospective Multicenter Analysis of Patients From the LAANTERN Study

Background: Laser interstitial thermal therapy is a surgical tool used to ablate brain tumors, radiation necrosis, and epileptic foci. Data from the completed LAANTERN prospective multicenter registry (NCT02392078), containing tumor patients enrolled in the study across 25 US cen...

PD-1 regulates CD4+ T cell-mediated CD8+ T cell responses in the brain to balance viral control and neuroinflammation

Abstract Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is expressed by T cells during progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a life-threatening brain disease caused by the human-only JC polyomavirus. Why PD-1 blockade finds variable success in PML patients is unclear. Brain C...

Functional Sex Reversal in Adult Gonochoristic Teleosts is Mediated by Ovarian Germline Stem Cell Plasticity and Somatic Cell Transdifferentiation

ABSTRACT Sexual fate in vertebrates is generally considered developmentally fixed; however, teleost fishes exhibit remarkable flexibility in their reproductive systems. It remains unclear whether a fully differentiated gonochoristic vertebrate can undergo complete and functional...

Adoption and diffusion of SGLT2 inhibitors among cardiologists in medicare part D, 2019–2023: a provider-level observational study

Abstract Background Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are guideline-directed therapies for heart failure, yet real-world diffusion into cardiology practice remains incompletely characterized. This study evaluated adoption, prescribing intensity, subspecialty varia...

Special and General Educator Working Conditions During and After COVID-19

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 was highly disruptive to the ways in which students and teachers experienced school. While nearly all schools responded to the start of the pandemic by shifting to virtual instruction, the return to in-person and hybrid learning fo...

Longitudinal Quantitative Mapping of Meniscal Morphological and Signal Intensity Differences After ACL Surgery

BACKGROUND: Meniscal tears are frequently associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Evaluating longitudinal changes in meniscal integrity using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging after ACL surgery may provide valuable insight into joint recovery and subseque...

Beyond ‘diagnostic error’: an ethnography of resilient behaviours and system adaptations in paediatric outpatient diagnosis

Background Improving paediatric diagnosis by addressing errors (Safety-I) is insufficient for diagnostic excellence. Resilience engineering’s approach to understanding adaptations to achieve success in everyday work may elucidate how individuals and systems manage diagnostic comp...

Platelet-Rich Plasma Facet Joint Injections for Post-Traumatic Lumbar Facet-Mediated Pain: A Two-Patient Case Report

Background Lumbar facet-mediated pain is a common contributor to axial low back pain and may occur after traumatic or mechanical injury, even when advanced imaging demonstrates only mild degenerative or nonspecific findings. Standard interventional treatment pathways often includ...

Protocol of a randomized controlled trial evaluating telehealth delivery of the Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) program

This study is a randomized controlled trial evaluating a telehealth version of the Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) program as an equally efficacious alternative to the traditional in-person implementation. The study will recruit 600 college...

Understanding the Impact of Living Situation and Social Satisfaction on Depression and Substance Use in Autistic Young Adults Without Intellectual Disability

Background: Autistic young adults face elevated risks for depression, and emerging evidence indicates that some engage in substance use. Residential status and social satisfaction may be related to these outcomes, yet little research has examined their interplay in autistic popul...

The Role of Assignment in Defining and Identifying Causal Effects in Randomized Trials

In randomized trials, the per-protocol effect is defined as the effect of being assigned a treatment strategy and receiving treatment according to the assigned strategy; therefore, it encompasses the effect of the treatment strategy and any effect of assignment that does not oper...

Management of Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome: A survey of US pediatric hospitals

Abstract Objective To evaluate the management practices of Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome (IESS) across tertiary pediatric hospitals in the United States using a survey‐based approach. Methods A 21‐question survey focused on management setting, work‐up, follow‐up and treatme...

Endovascular Thrombectomy for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Current Status and Future Directions

Abstract Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) represents a relatively rare cause of stroke, yet it carries an overall rate of death or dependency of up to 15%. The mainstay of its management is therapeutic anticoagulation, either subcutaneously or intravenously in the acute phase, fo...

Four decades of tinnitus pathology research: a bibliometric analysis of scientific trends, collaborations, and research hotspots

Abstract Introduction Tinnitus is a debilitating auditory disorder affecting approximately 14% of adults worldwide, often co-occurring with hearing loss, sleep disturbance, anxiety and depression. Despite its high global prevalence and substantial socioeconomic burden, tinnitus r...

A foundation model for sleep-based risk stratification and clinical outcomes

Abstract Clinical sleep studies capture multiple physiologic signals, yet interpretation is often reduced to single summary measures of limited prognostic value, such as the apnea–hypopnea index. We present a foundation model that learns rich representations of sleep physiology f...

A Decade of Pathways to Medicine: Program Evaluation and Lessons Learned in Implementing a Local Health-Professions Outreach Program.

Pathway programs provide structured opportunities for students to explore healthcare careers and develop familiarity with educational pathways into the health professions. Ongoing evaluation of such programs is essential to gauge their success and inform iterative improvement. In...