Boston University

Modeling Ultrafine Particles Near a Large, Commercial Airport Using High-Fidelity Aircraft Emission Inventories and Aircraft-Specific Aerosol Size Distribution with CMAQ

Abstract Aircraft are an important source of ultrafine particles (UFPs) near airports, yet their contributions remain poorly quantified in chemical transport models. We addressed limitations by integrating high-fidelity aircraft emissions inventories (AEIs) generated by the Aviat...

Outcomes of CHOP versus CHOEP/EPOCH in aggressive adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: an international cohort analysis

Aggressive adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) subtypes (i.e., acute and lymphomatous) are rare diseases, and the conventional management with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) has historically yielded poor outcomes. The benefit of etoposide-conta...

Rbreak: An R Package for Estimating Structural Breaks Under Linear Restrictions with Application to Linear Model Tree

Abstract The package rbreak implements methods for detecting structural breaks and estimating break locations for linear multiple regression models under general linear restrictions on the coefficient vector. Restrictions can be within regimes, across regimes, or both, and are su...

Measurement and hydrodynamic modelling quantifies the mechanical cost of cyprid locomotion

Barnacle cyprids must locate a settlement site using finite lipid reserves acquired during earlier feeding stages, yet the mechanical cost of their locomotion remains uncertain. Previous estimates of cyprid swimming costs are limited and do not resolve how stroke-scale mechanics,...

Gender Minority Stress, Testosterone, and Blood Pressure Responses to Stress in Transgender and Nonbinary Adults

Trans and nonbinary adults assigned female at birth (TNBF) are at elevated cardiovascular risk, an effect proposed to occur secondary to testosterone use. However, gender minority (GM) stress may also contribute to cardiovascular risk. Therefore, we examined the relative associat...

Fully automated pipeline for localization and scoring of rheumatic disease related regions and pathologies in hand MRI

Rheumatic diseases constitute a major cause of chronic pain, functional impairment, and long-term disability worldwide. In rheumatic diseases, reliable assessment of structural damage and inflammatory activity is essential for diagnosis, disease monitoring, and treatment response...

SARS-CoV-2 intra-host variation shows evidence of transmission and convergent evolution in a university surveillance cohort

Monitoring and understanding the transmission and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 remains a significant pub-lic health priority. Within-host genetic variation provides insight into viral evolution during infection and may help infer transmission events. In this study, we analyzed intraho...

Radiology considerations for the PREMIUM study: a multicenter randomized controlled trial of abbreviated MRI versus ultrasound for liver cancer screening in cirrhosis

Abstract This paper describes the rationale and radiology considerations in the implementation of the Preventing Liver Cancer Mortality through Imaging with Ultrasound versus MRI (PREMIUM) study. PREMIUM is a multicenter, randomized controlled trial sponsored by the Department of...

Amygdala shows heterogeneous atrophy and tauopathy patterns across the AD continuum

Abstract Background Amygdala shows early vulnerability in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), although its substructures have been less studied than hippocampal subfields. Neuropathological evidence suggests that tau pathology affects amygdala subnuclei differentially, yet in vivo characte...

Nicholas' Story: The Molecular Basis of SCD Pain Crisis

Nicholas' Story Overview: This case discusses Nicholas' experiences with sickle cell disease. The case begins with watching a video where Nicholas and his mother, Bridget, talk about living with sickle cell disease. The case is organized into multiple sections - this version prim...

Biophysical Modeling of Thalamocortical Circuit Dynamics: Species-Specific Insights into Neural Synchrony, Sleep Spindles, and Circuit Mechanisms

Abstract Thalamocortical circuits play a central role in sensory processing, attention, and sleep spindles. Here, we used a biophysically-grounded computational model with single-compartment neurons and species-inspired thalamocortical architectures to investigate how core and ma...

Mapping the nuclear environments of extreme coronal line emitting galaxies

Abstract Extreme coronal line emitters (ECLEs) are a rare class of galactic nuclei exhibiting unusually strong high-ionisation forbidden emission lines, and several ECLEs have been linked to tidal disruption events (TDEs). In this work, we compile and analyse optical spectra of 3...

Reproducibility, Replicability, and Research Quality in Homogeneous Catalysis

Abstract Researchers from all sectors of homogeneous catalysis convened in response to concerns regarding reproducibility in science to analyze the issue and provide recommendations. In addition to an in-person workshop, the group engaged the broader homogeneous catalysis communi...

Evaluation of Disease Severity Using CSF Biomarkers in Patients With Probable Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is currently diagnosed using MRI-based Boston criteria. However, imaging markers represent downstream consequences of vascular injury and may not fully reflect disease severity. CSF biomarkers, particularly β-amyloid 1–42 (Aβ42) and β-amyloid 1–4...

Factors Influencing Caregiver Anxiety in the Pediatric Emergency Department

OBJECTIVES: This study identified demographic and experiential factors associated with caregiver anxiety in a pediatric emergency department (PED). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of caregivers for children brought to our PED. Participant anxiety was assessed with...

Promiscuous Metal Site in Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Binds an Fe–S Cluster

Abstract Fe–S clusters are emerging as important cofactors in viral replication but are frequently misassigned as Zn due to their O2-sensitivity and overlapping cysteine-based coordination chemistry. The Hepatitis B virus regulatory protein HBx, which is essential for viral repli...

Identifying Contextual Factors affecting Hospital In Home Program Implementation within the Veterans Health Administration

Abstract Background and Objectives Understanding the factors that enable or hinder successful implementation is essential for improving patient outcomes. Hospital in Home (HiH) programs provide hospital-level care in patients' homes to reduce hospitalization, enhance satisfaction...

Human cortical networks trade communication efficiency for computational reliability

Brains are often described as cost-efficient communication networks, optimally balancing the cost of long connections with the benefits of fast communication. Here, inspired by the "use it or lose it" principle, we present a novel game-theoretic model of self-organizing neural un...

Post‐traumatic Psychopathology and Cardiovascular Risk: A Danish Case–Control Study of Sex‐Specific Associations

Background There is increasing recognition that trauma exposure and related psychiatric consequences predict cardiovascular disease risk. However, most research has specifically examined post‐traumatic stress disorder—despite evidence that a range of psychiatric disorders may fol...

Elevated translocator protein in skull bone marrow is linked to human chronic pain

The skull bone marrow (SBM) is emerging as a critical hub for neuroimmune signaling, yet its role in chronic pain is unknown. Using integrated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging, here, we show that the levels of 18-kilodalton translocator protein (TSPO), a pu...