All India Institute of Medical Sciences

Evaluation of Derived Hematological Markers across Various Groups of Bethesda Cervical Cytology

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the relationship between Bethesda Cervical Cytology categories and selected hematological indices and to introduce a new composite marker, the cervical inflammation index (CII; neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR] + platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio [PLR] + s...

Quantitative assessment of size and echo-texture of nerves in leprosy using high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) and colour Doppler (CD)

Usually, clinical examination is enough to detect nerve thickness and tenderness in leprosy, but inter-observer variations may be significant. High-resolution ultrasound scanning is a good non-invasive modality in this respect. Using this tool, a cross-sectional study was carried...

Diagnostic concordance between core needle biopsy and excision in breast lesions: An audit of the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme histopathological classification in a tertiary care center

A BSTRACT Objectives: Core needle biopsy (CNB) is central to the preoperative evaluation of breast lesions. The UK National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP) classification (B1–B5) standardizes histopathological reporting, but its real-world application in Indian...

Antifungal therapy for newborn infants with invasive fungal infection

RATIONALE: A variety of antifungal drugs, drug preparations and drug combinations are available to treat newborn infants with suspected or confirmed invasive fungal infection. There is a need to assess their relative merits. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the benefits and harms of treat...

Prevalence of dyslipidaemia in patients diagnosed with de novo adhesive capsulitis: A cross-sectional study

Background Adhesive capsulitis is an idiopathic condition characterized by painful restriction of shoulder movements, with diabetes mellitus identified as a commonly associated factor. Dyslipidaemia has been suggested as a potential contributing factor. Additionally, elevated inf...

Leveraging exosomes and lipid nanoparticles based nanomedicine for cervical cancer therapeutics

Cervical cancer (CC) remains a significant global health burden, ranking as the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary etiological factor, although tumor progression is also influenced by gene...

Antenatal health, healthcare utilisation, and barriers to care among homeless women in Kolkata, India: a mixed-methods cross-sectional study

Homeless women experience disproportionate maternal health risks, yet evidence on antenatal health and healthcare utilisation among this population remains limited in low- and middle-income countries, including India. Antenatal health is central to maternal and neonatal outcomes,...

Endothelial Plasticity as a Continuum in the Tumor Microenvironment

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a dynamic and complex ecosystem in which endothelial cells (ECs) play a central role beyond their traditional function as passive vascular conduits. Increasing evidence indicates that tumor-associated endothelial cells (TECs) undergo profound p...

Circadian biology and sexual offending: A hypothesis integrating chronobiological rhythms with Routine Activity Theory

Human behavior is temporally organized by endogenous circadian systems and by environmental and social schedules. Sexual motivation, sleep-wake regulation, endocrine function, cognition, and affective processes show time-dependent variation, while criminological research demonstr...

Feasibility of millet-based gluten free and casein free diet in children with autism spectrum disorders: A 12-week pilot study in India

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often associated with selective eating, nutritional deficiencies, and gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances. Gluten-free, casein-free (GFCF) diets are popular but inconsistently supported by evidence. Millets, naturally gluten and casein-...

School-level clustering and individual correlates of adolescent substance use in India: a multicentre multilevel study

Adolescent substance use is a growing health burden in India, yet evidence mostly focuses on individual-level correlates while overlooking potential school-level heterogeneity and contextual characteristics within school settings. This study examined individual- and school-level...

A narrative review of sildenafil dosing and monitoring by indication in neonatal pulmonary hypertension

Abstract Pulmonary hypertension in the neonate is a leading contributor to hypoxemic respiratory failure and carries substantial mortality across diverse etiologies, including persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary...

Disseminated histoplasmosis presenting with polymorphic mucocutaneous lesions in a renal transplant recipient

Disseminated histoplasmosis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum that commonly affects immunocompromised individuals. Cutaneous manifestations are polymorphic and may mimic several dermatological disorders, leading to diagnostic difficulty. We rep...

Mental Health Following Traumatic Injury: A Narrative Review

Traumatic injuries are prevalent conditions that contribute significantly to mortality and morbidity across the globe. The impact of traumatic events on mental health varies across individuals. Often, a bi-directional relationship has been observed between mental health issues an...

Psychiatric morbidity and coping in caregivers of patients with substance use disorder

Background Caregivers of patients with substance use disorders often experience psychological distress, but psychiatric morbidity and coping, including religious coping, remain under-studied in Indian treatment settingsObjective To assess psychiatric morbidity, coping strategies,...

Trends and determinants of graft function in deceased donor kidney transplantation: influence of donor, recipient, and perioperative factors across eras

Background: Deceased donor kidney transplantation outcomes are influenced by donor, recipient, and perioperative variables. This study evaluates the impact of donor age, dialysis duration, and cold ischemia time (CIT) on graft survival. Methods: A retrospective analysis of demogr...

Anticipated Resection Ratio (ARR) Based Flap Selection for Volume‐Replacement Oncoplastic Breast‐Conserving Surgery: 130 Breast Cancer Patients Cohort From a South Asian Tertiary Cancer Center

BACKGROUND: Volume-replacement oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery (VR-OBCS) reconstructs the lumpectomy cavity with autologous tissue and spares the contralateral breast. Chest-wall perforator flaps (CWPFs)-lateral, anterior, and medial intercostal artery perforator (LICAP, AI...

Infection profile and risk factors for adverse outcomes in children with febrile neutropenia: a single-center study from Northwestern India

= 13). Profound neutropenia at presentation was a predictor of prolonged hospital stay. CRP was a predictor of mortality and the need for intensive care. Procalcitonin was a predictor of all adverse outcomes explored in the study-bloodstream infection, mortality, need for intensi...

Cost‐Effectiveness of Early Empirical Antibiotic Cessation in Pediatric High‐Risk Febrile Neutropenia

PURPOSE: for children with high-risk febrile neutropenia (FN). In this prospective trial-based economic evaluation, we aimed to estimate the healthcare resource utilization and cost-effectiveness of early discontinuation of EAT versus continuation of EAT in children with high-ris...

Resolution of Mechanical Allodynia in Ipsilateral and Contralateral Clinically Sound Teeth Following Root Canal Treatment of the Diseased Tooth

AIM: Mechanical allodynia (MA) or tenderness on percussion in endodontically diseased teeth is an indicator of peri-radicular inflammation. The exhibition of MA by clinically sound teeth on ipsilateral and contralateral sides is attributed to peripheral and central sensitisation,...