Research works

Two-photon polymerization — sub-100 nm photopolymer 3D printing

This white paper covers two-photon polymerization for sub-100 nm photopolymer 3D printing using specialised resins and Fine Tuner systems for VIS-NIR and 1035 nm femtosecond laser platforms. 2PP requires a different formulation logic from standard VPP: two-photon absorption effic...

Jewelry and Arts

This white paper covers jewelry and arts workflows using direct-print, castable and specialty-finish 3Dresyns materials. Jewelry and arts applications require a combination of detail reproduction, surface finish, colour, burnout behaviour, flexibility or rigidity, wax-like handli...

Exact Limits of Random Projections for Preserving Geometry: Distance Recovery, Nearest-Neighbor Rankings, and Covariance Shape in Gaussian Models

The Johnson–Lindenstrauss (JL) lemma guarantees that a random projection of n points to m = O(ε⁻² log n) dimensions preserves pairwise squared distances within relative error ε with high probability. This dimension order is asymptotically optimal. In high dimensions, however, dis...

Color Stability and Light Fastness

This white paper covers colour stability and light fastness across the colour portfolio, addressing photochemical durability, ageing, exposure and visual performance retention. Colour stability depends on pigment chemistry, UV exposure, post-cure, thermal history, matrix formulat...

Inkjet Photopolymers — Standard, NextGen TF and Specialty Grades

This white paper covers inkjet photopolymers for MultiJet and PolyJet workflows, including standard, NextGen TF and specialty jettable grades engineered for controlled viscosity and surface tension at process temperature. Inkjet photopolymers are constrained by jetting viscosity,...

ESD-dissipative VPP photopolymers — the 3Dresyns electronics portfolio

This white paper covers ESD-dissipative VPP photopolymers for electronics manufacturing, fixtures, handling tools and electrostatic-control workflows. ESD performance must be evaluated as a surface-resistivity range under defined cure, post-cure and environmental conditions. Mech...

Processing Auxiliaries

This white paper covers processing auxiliaries used to support cleaning, smoothing, sacrificial printing, purification and workflow adaptation. Auxiliaries are part of the manufacturing system. Their function is to adapt the process environment around the resin: cleaning, smoothi...

Post-processing and cleaning chemistry for VPP — from print to validated part

This white paper covers cleaning, washing, post-curing and final conditioning of VPP printed parts, with emphasis on the relationship between cleaning chemistry and final mechanical, surface and regulatory performance. Post-processing is part of the material system. Cleaning solv...

Education and Research

This white paper covers education and research workflows using 3Dresyns materials, with emphasis on carefully formulated chemistry, accessible technical validation and research-grade functional materials. Education and research users require materials that combine straightforward...

MF Bio dental portfolio for SLA, DLP and LCD — verified resin selection by clinical indication

This white paper organises the MF Bio dental portfolio by clinical and laboratory indication, including guides, splints, models, aligner-related workflows, denture bases, crowns and implant-support workflows. Dental resin selection should be indication-specific. Mechanical proper...

Industrial Implementation of a Material–Process–Workflow Framework in Dental and Hearing-Device Photopolymer Additive Manufacturing

The Material–Process–Workflow framework developed in the first paper of this trilogy proposes that device-level biological performance in photopolymer additive manufacturing is determined by the coupled interaction of material chemistry, cure kinetics and post-processing workflow...

Radiopaque and Radio-Transparent VPP Photopolymers

This white paper covers radiopaque and radio-transparent VPP photopolymers for diagnostic, imaging, shielding and device-development workflows where interaction with X-rays or other radiation-relevant modalities is part of the material function. Radiopacity and radio-transparency...

The 3Dresyns Fine Tuner system

The Fine Tuner white paper describes modular in-resin process adjustment for photoreactivity, resolution, light penetration, surface definition, cure depth and platform adaptation. Fine Tuners allow controlled adjustment of a base resin without redesigning the full formulation. T...

LMM Reactive Solid Binders and Castable Solid Photopolymers — RSB1 WD, RSB1 SD, LMM Perfect Cast PC1, PC2 and PC3

This white paper covers lithography-based metal manufacturing materials, including reactive solid binders and castable solid photopolymers for LMM workflows. LMM requires binder systems compatible with highly loaded metal or ceramic feedstocks, green-part handling, debinding, sin...

Wavelength-Matched Process Control as a Prerequisite for the Post-TPO Photopolymer Transition

TPO was added to the REACH Candidate List on 14 June 2023 because of its reproductive-toxicity properties. Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/197, adopted on 19 October 2023 and published in 2024, introduced the corresponding harmonised classification under the CLP framewo...

Circular Economy in VPP — Recyclable Powder, IPA-Free Cleaning and Biodegradable End-of-Life

This white paper covers circular economy in VPP, including recyclable Cold Fusion SLS powder, IPA-free water-cleanable workflows and biodegradable end-of-life routes. Circularity is a workflow property. It depends on material formulation, cleaning chemistry, powder reuse, process...

The MF Biocompatible VPP Framework — Monomer-Free Formulation as a Regulatory Engineering Strategy

This white paper presents the MF Biocompatible VPP Framework, positioning monomer-free formulation as an engineering strategy for reducing regulatory, toxicological and extractables-related risk in professional manufacturing workflows. Biocompatibility is not only a material labe...

Bio-Scaffolds Portfolio for SLA, DLP and LCD

This white paper covers the Bio-Scaffolds portfolio for tissue-engineering and research workflows using SLA, DLP and LCD photopolymerisation. Bio-scaffold materials must be assessed through scaffold architecture, pore geometry, print fidelity, mechanical compliance, cleaning, ste...

Innovation Timeline — 3Dresyns® Photopolymer and Powder Platform 2017–2025

This white paper documents the 3Dresyns® photopolymer and powder platform innovation timeline from 2017 to 2025. The timeline frames platform development as a sequence of material-system innovations, including monomer-free biocompatible systems, advanced photopolymer families, po...

Water-Soluble Sacrificial Portfolio (IM-WS) for SLA, DLP and LCD

Indirect additive manufacturing addresses a structural limitation of direct 3D printing: enclosed channels, undercuts and intertwined cavities cannot be deposited directly. The 3Dresyns® IM-WS family of water-removable sacrificial photopolymers prints a temporary tool by SLA, DLP...