Research works

DNP Final Report: Right Team, Right Time: Improving Operating Room Efficiency Among Elective Orthopedic Surgeries

Background Inefficient operating room (OR) turnover times negatively affect surgical throughput, patient flow, staff workload, and hospital financial performance. Orthopedic procedures, which require complex equipment and coordinated workflows, are particularly vulnerable to dela...

A Qualitative Study Using Thematic Analysis to Explore Medical Education post-Dobbs

In June of 2022, the United States Supreme Court issued a decision in the case of Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, challenging the validity of the historical decision of Roe v. Wade, the landmark case from 1973 establishing a constitutional right to abortion and esta...

A model for the epidemiological impact of tuberculosis policy options.

Objective: To develop a new tuberculosis transmission model, addressing the limitations of and building on the TB Impact Model and Estimates software tool, to enable decision-makers to assess the impact of various tuberculosis interventions and allocate resources more effectively...

Expedited research and approval of medicines for drug-resistant bacterial infections in children.

Multidrug-resistant pathogens cause severe infections with substantial morbidity and mortality in neonates, infants and children, as they do in adults. However, the approval of therapies for multidrug-resistant infections in paediatric patients often lags years behind approval fo...

Telephone versus in-person administration of the Early Childhood Development Index 2030: a crossover study, Brazil, Canada, India and Malawi.

Objective: To examine agreement between telephone and in-person administration of the Early Childhood Development Index 2030 (ECDI2030) survey. Methods: -tests and intraclass correlation coefficients. Findings: : -0.36), regardless of modality. However, pooled and stratified intr...

Third-party governance and artificial intelligence for diabetes management in primary health care, China.

Problem: Fragmented primary health care in China fails to tackle the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases. Despite substantial investment, fewer than half of patients with diabetes achieve glycaemic control. Approach: Tianjin's 2020-2023 reform established a public-private...

Identification of unvaccinated children, Madagascar.

Problem: Madagascar has a high number of unvaccinated (zero-dose) children. In 2023, an estimated 74% received any dose of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine. In southern Madagascar, service gaps, poverty, drought and limited access leave many children unreached by ro...

Digital epidemiology investments, Saudi Arabia.

Problem: Traditional epidemiological surveillance methods are often limited by delays in reporting and fragmented data systems. Saudi Arabia faces additional public health challenges from mass gatherings during Hajj and Umrah, an increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases and...

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Disrupted Stromal-Epithelial Crosstalk Impairs Gut Barrier in Depression.

BACKGROUND: Depressive disorder is commonly associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction, but the specific cellular and molecular alterations within the colonic mucosa remain poorly understood. The role of stromal-epithelial crosstalk in the colonic niche under depressive conditi...

Androgen receptor expression in triple-negative breast cancer: A retrospective cross-sectional study from South India

Background: Triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) lacks established hormonal targets, limiting therapeutic options. Androgen receptor (AR) expression has been proposed as a potential biomarker, though its clinicopathological relevance remains unclear. Aims and Objectives: This...

Two-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in pediatric empyema thoracis: A retrospective analysis from a tertiary care hospital

Background: Empyema thoracis is a serious pleural infection in children, most often arising as a complication of bacterial pneumonia. It contributes significantly to morbidity and, if inadequately treated, may result in irreversible pulmonary damage. Video-assisted thoracoscopic...

A cross-sectional study to estimate the role of scrotal and transrectal ultrasound in male infertility

Background: Male infertility accounts for nearly half of all infertility cases worldwide, and semen analysis alone cannot identify structural abnormalities in the male reproductive tract. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the role of scrotal and transrectal ultras...

Ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block versus transversus abdominis plane block for post-operative analgesia in laparoscopic hernia surgery – A prospective randomized double blind study

Background: Ultrasound (US)-guided rectus sheath (RS) block and transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block are being utilized to achieve post-operative analgesia during midline and lower abdominal surgeries. Dilemma exists regarding the superiority of any specific block over the oth...

Association of serum magnesium and Vitamin D with glycated hemoglobin among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Low and middle-income countries have seen an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in recent years. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) provides a measurement of body glycemic control for 2–3 months. Magnesium and Vitamin D have been shown to have a role...

Cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system remodeling during Ramadan fasting: A narrative review

Ramadan fasting is a unique form of intermittent fasting characterized by abstinence from food and fluids from dawn to sunset for approximately one lunar month. This practice induces alterations in circadian rhythm, metabolism, hemodynamics, and neurohumoral regulation, all of wh...

Clinical profile and short-term outcome of convulsive status epilepticus in children aged 1 month–12 years: A prospective observational study

Background: Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) is a pediatric neurological emergency requiring urgent intervention. It may result from febrile illness, central nervous system infection, metabolic disturbances, or neurological disorders and may cause morbidity, mortality, and seq...

Rethinking access in difficult gallbladders: The small upper midline incision in high-risk patients

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard treatment for gallstone disease, but may not be feasible in patients with significant comorbidities, hostile abdomens, or contraindications to pneumoperitoneum. Aims and Objectives: This study evaluated outcomes of open cho...

Validation of the Mannheim peritonitis index as a prognostic tool in mortality and morbidity of peritonitis secondary to hollow viscus perforation

Background: Peritonitis due to hollow viscus perforation is a surgical emergency associated with high mortality. Early risk stratification is essential. The Mannheim peritonitis index (MPI) is a validated prognostic tool. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effe...

Effect of low-pressure vacuum suction versus high-pressure vacuum suction in decreasing post-operative axillary drainage and seroma formation following modified radical mastectomy using ultrasonic surgical device

Background: Prolonged post-operative wound drainage and subsequent seroma formation are common complications following mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Ultrasonic surgical devices (USDs) have improved outcomes, and suction drains are routinely used. This stu...

Occurrence and spectrum of cutaneous adverse drug reactions to anti-tubercular drugs among patients of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis-changing trends at a tertiary care center in central India

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a significant public health burden, particularly in resource-limited settings. Anti-tubercular therapy (ATT), though effective, is frequently associated with cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs), which can lead to treatment disc...