Treg‐stromal cell axis in tissue repair and autoimmune diseases: Mechanisms and clinical translation

Abstract

Abstract Tissue repair and regeneration constitute a complex biological process, meticulously orchestrated by the immune system and stromal microenvironment. In this context, the dynamic crosstalk between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and stromal cells acts as the central regulatory hub. This interactive network precisely coordinates inflammation resolution, tissue regeneration, and immune tolerance through cytokine signaling, direct cell‐cell contact, and microenvironment remodeling. Current research has elucidated its pivotal role at various stages of normal tissue repair; however, its dysregulation also underlies chronic injuries, fibrosis, and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we systematically examine the dynamic regulatory network of the Treg‐stromal cell interaction axis and its role in disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, we propose novel therapeutic strategies targeting this axis to provide theoretical foundations and translational directions for precision immunological interventions in related disorders.