Quran Memorization as a Naturalistic Neurocognitive Training Paradigm: A Quality-Weighted Evidence Synthesis in Student Populations

Abstract

Aim We aimed to quantitatively synthesize observational evidence on the association between memorization ( Hifz ) and cognitive and mental health outcomes in students, using a quality-weighted evidence synthesis approach. Method For observational studies published between 2005 and 2026, a systematic multi-database search was carried out using PubMed/Medline , Scopus , ScienceDirect , and Google Scholar . The direction, strength, and consistency of the evidence across predetermined outcome domains were measured using a quality-weighted vote-counting synthesis. Seven observational studies involving 690 students were included. Results A statistically significant positive association between Hifz and at least one cognitive or psychological outcome was identified in 5 of 7 studies (71.4%). One study identified a neutral result, and one study (Magnetic Resonance Imaging morphology outcome) was reclassified as uncertain. No study reported a significant negative association. The quality-weighted evidence score was W = 71.5%, corresponding to moderate evidence. Memory performance, intelligence quotient, and quality of life showed the most consistent positive associations. Several studies reported more favourable cognitive or psychosocial outcomes among participants with higher levels of Quran memorization, although the observational design precludes causal interpretation. Conclusion Quality-weighted synthesis ( W = 71.5%) indicates generally favourable associations between Hifz and cognitive and psychological outcomes in students. Although all studies included were conducted in students rather than clinical rehabilitation samples, emerging neurophysiological and clinical research on Quranic engagement provides a preliminary rationale for investigating its cognitive-linguistic and neurorehabilitation potential. Accordingly, Hifz is considered as a promising, culturally sensitive, hypothesis-generating model of intensive cognitive-linguistic practice that warrants rigorous prospective evaluation in neurological populations.