Community views of factors influencing participation in dengue research: Fuzzy cognitive mapping in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract

Background Bangladesh is among the countries most affected by dengue, the fastest spreading vector-borne disease worldwide. Engaging communities in designing and implementing solutions is a promising strategy for dengue control. However, collaborating with communities in urban settings like Dhaka presents challenges. As part of a pilot study for a cluster randomized controlled trial testing participatory interventions, we aimed to understand factors influencing community participation in dengue research in Dhaka. Methods We used fuzzy cognitive mapping to explore perceived barriers and enablers of participation. We engaged 97 participants (community members and leaders, community health workers, personnel from NGOs, public health actors, and local researchers) in 28 participatory mapping sessions. We analyzed maps using tools from graph theory, fuzzy logic, and thematic and social network analysis. Composite maps compared community and non-community perspectives. Results Participants identified 223 factors influencing participation, grouped into 22 categories. Composite maps highlighted the five most influential. Both community and non-community participants emphasized positive community perceptions of dengue, involvement of community leaders, and logistical challenges as important determinants of participation. Community participants also stressed receiving benefits and innovative information sharing, while non-community participants focused on Dhaka’s sociopolitical context. Discussion Addressing barriers and leveraging enablers to community participation before beginning research is essential. Fuzzy cognitive mapping not only identified key factors, but also revealed which were most important, to whom, and why. This approach can guide researchers and others in building more equitable partnerships with communities – a step towards inclusive and decolonizing global health research.