Impact of Hurricane Melissa on neurosurgery care in Jamaica: implications for disaster preparedness

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Natural disasters, including hurricanes, are becoming increasingly severe as a result of climate change, and can have a devastating impact on healthcare systems. In October 2025, a category five hurricane struck Jamaica and caused extensive damage throughout the island. This study reports on the nationwide impact of the hurricane on neurosurgical services, to identify lessons learned and to support future disaster preparedness. METHODS: A mixed-methods descriptive multi-centre case series including all acute neurosurgical units across Jamaica. The study includes all patients for whom neurosurgical care was impacted by the hurricane over a period of four weeks around the event. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients across Jamaica received neurosurgical care that was impacted by the hurricane, of which eight required surgical intervention, presenting with a variety of traumatic injuries, commonly caused by spinal injury from falling trees (SIFT). Delayed presentations were common, and non-traumatic conditions and elective procedures were affected. Logistical and operational issues were also prevalent. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the clinical and logistical difficulties that could be expected for a neurosurgical unit affected by a hurricane. Disaster preparedness should include the stockpiling of essential equipment, clear staffing plans, and education of staff and the public regarding emergency plans and risk reduction.