Innovation for Climate Change Adaptation: A Meta‐Analysis

Abstract

ABSTRACT Evidence on climate adaptation innovations remains fragmented, limiting evidence‐informed policy. This meta‐analysis of 418 studies (2010–2023), stratified by outcome and design with publication‐bias adjustment, synthesizes effectiveness, equity, and scalability. Hybrid approaches showed a 39% advantage over single‐domain innovations ( g = 1.24), although bias correction reduced this by 18%. Outcomes varied across domains. Equity improved when women's participation exceeded 40%, yet 73% of technological interventions showed elite capture. Portfolio approaches are recommended, supported by adaptive, inclusive governance.