Adama Science and Technology University

DBDM: a formal framework for bias detection and mitigation in distributed large language models

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed in distributed settings, where different nodes may work on heterogeneous data, user populations, and local model updates. In such settings, bias can arise in an emergent fashion via local interactions and spread over th...

Experimental investigation of fiber hybridized ECC using PVA, polypropylene, and high-modulus glass fibers with class F Fly ash and OPC

Abstract Conventional concrete is inherently brittle and exhibits limited tensile strain capacity, leading to crack localization and reduced durability. Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) have been developed to overcome these limitations through strain-hardening behavior an...

Solving Bi-objective Interval Assignment Problem using Trisectional Fuzzy Trapezoidal Approach

Background The conventional Assignment Problem (AP) may no longer be sufficient to handle real-world problems as they get more multifaceted and incorporate numerous, frequently conflicting objectives. In response, the Bi-Objective Assignment Problem (BOAP) provides an extended op...

Comparative immunogenomics of Suidae reveals lineage-specific immune gene disruption and positive selection

Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of immune-related (IR) genes among closely related species provides key insights into lineage-specific adaptations to pathogens. The family Suidae is a powerful model for investigating immune gene evolution owing to its broad ecological div...

In vitro assay and GC-MS profiling of Proteus sp.EKWG2I3 isolate obtained from Echinops kebericho M.: a traditional medicinal plant

Abstract Endophytic bacteria are a promising source of bioactive compounds valuable to medicine, agriculture, and industrial applications. This study investigates bioactive compounds of EKWG2I3 to evaluate their in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activity against test strains...

Community awareness and perceived ecosystem services of urban green infrastructure in Bishoftu, Ethiopia

Rapid urbanization in Ethiopia is placing increasing pressure on urban green infrastructure and the ecosystem services they provide, yet empirical evidence on community awareness in secondary cities remains limited. This study examined community awareness, perceived importance, a...

Innovation for Climate Change Adaptation: A Meta‐Analysis

ABSTRACT Evidence on climate adaptation innovations remains fragmented, limiting evidence‐informed policy. This meta‐analysis of 418 studies (2010–2023), stratified by outcome and design with publication‐bias adjustment, synthesizes effectiveness, equity, and scalability. Hybrid...

Energy efficiency imperatives from lifecycle energy demand trajectories in Global South mass housing

The built environment of sub-Saharan Africa faces a critical deficit in lifecycle energy benchmarks, compounded by rapidly escalating residential demand driven by urbanization and climatic stress. Existing energy analysis practice seldom integrates operational and embodied energy...

A Robust Modified Gradient-Augmented PINNs Based on Adaptive Weight Loss for Predicting Soliton Solutions of Non-linear Sine-Gordon Equation

This study presents an accurate and robust physics-informed deep learning framework for computing soliton solutions of the \((2 + 1)\) -dimensional nonlinear sine-Gordon equation in both damped and undamped regimes. To overcome the limitations of conventional physics-informed neu...

Cadmium and bismuth dopants’ synergistic effect on the photocatalytic dye degradation potential of ZnO/CdO

Currently, several dyes are used in day-to-day activities, and their toxicity poses significant challenges to human health. In this study, the high negative conduction and positive valence band edge of zinc oxide (ZnO) were modified through the inclusion of Cd and Bi dopants as l...

Whole genome sequencing of multidrug-resistant clinical Klebsiella Isolates from community acquired pneumonia patients at Adama Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading Gram-negative pathogen causing severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), classically characterized by rapid lung necrosis, cavitary lesions, and production of thick, blood-tinged sputum. CAP is an acute lung infection that develops in a person...

Woody species diversity and dispersal dynamics in Biyo Forest, Central Ethiopia: a conservation perspective

Seed dispersal shapes species composition, regeneration, and long-term resilience of dry Afromontane forests. In Ethiopia, there is limited information on how woody species disperse and recruit. Biyo Forest, a protected exclosure in central Ethiopia, offers an opportunity to stud...

Synthesis of Chalcone‐Sulfonamide Hybrids as Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anti‐Inflammatory Agents With Comprehensive In Silico and ADMET Profiling

Chalcone‐sulfonamide hybrids ( 12a–h ) were synthesized via Claisen–Schmidt condensation in good yields (64%–83%) and confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. The compounds exhibited moderate to good antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative ( Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa )...

A bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review of innovation financing mechanisms for technology startups

Research on innovation financing has become more comprehensive, covering different financing mechanisms. But the body of work is still conceptually fragmented, with studies often focusing on individual financing channels rather than how they relate to each other. In addition, the...

Impact of design quality metrics and core design process elements on the sustainable performance of construction projects: a structural equation modeling approach

The Design Quality Matrix (DQM) plays a vital role in achieving sustainable construction project outcomes, yet its influence on project performance is not fully understood. This study investigates the relationship between DQM and Sustainable Project Performance (SPP), focusing on...

Assessment of combustion behavior and catalytic converter deposits in a CI engine operated with MWCNT-enriched pongamia biodiesel: experimental study

Abstract Although biodiesel seems to be a promising alternative fuel for compression ignition (CI) engines, its use can cause deposit formation on the catalytic converter and impact engine durability. The effects of 30 ppm multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) dispersed Pongamia b...

Hydrogen-assisted combustion of GQD–DEE-enhanced WCO biodiesel in a dual-fuel CI engine

Abstract The relatively low performance and elevated nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions associated with biodiesel-fueled compression ignition (CI) engines continue to limit their widespread application. To address these challenges, the present study investigates the combined influenc...

Building the toolkit to address malaria resurgence and radical cure of vivax malaria in Ethiopia: a meeting report

Abstract Ethiopia has experienced a substantial resurgence in malaria in recent years, with increasing case numbers and a growing contribution of Plasmodium vivax in several regions. At the same time, new evidence supporting improved radical cure strategies, including high-dose p...