Atherogenic lipid profile changes and their cardiovascular consequences across degrees of obesity in children and adolescents: a structured narrative review

Abstract

Key messageChildren and adolescents with obesity commonly develop atherogenic dyslipidemia characterized by elevated triglyceride, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and elevated non-HDL-C levels, and increased triglyceride/ HDL-C ratio.This pattern worsens with obesity severity and clusters with insulin resistance, hypertension, vascular dysfunction, and cardiac remodeling.Early comprehensive screening and structured family-centered intervention are essential for reducing long-term cardiovascular risk.