Self-tracking inequalities in public health: Mapping the landscape and identifying avenues for research

Abstract

While extensive research has been conducted on self-tracking (using devices like smartwatches to monitor behaviours), few studies have investigated the question of inequalities within this area. This creates a critical knowledge gap at a time when self-tracking is rapidly expanding in public health. More specifically, it may fall short of delivering its benefits if its limitations, notably those related to how it spreads across and is adopted by different populations (e.g. older adults, people with lower socioeconomic status), are not properly addressed. This article aims to provide a foundation for studying self-tracking inequalities and to support the more effective integration of self-tracking within public health initiatives. The paper reviews the relevant literature, demonstrating the paucity of attention on the subject and its dispersion across disciplines. It assesses the current theoretical frameworks and offers a definition of self-tracking inequalities designed to facilitate interdisciplinary research.