Potential Ameliorative Effect of Aged Liubao Tea Aqueous Extract on D-Galactose-Induced Pathological Damage in an Alzheimer’s Disease Zebrafish Model

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder for which effective treatments remain limited. Liubao tea, a distinctive post-fermented dark tea, develops unique aged and areca nut aromas through prolonged storage. However, comprehensive studies on its anti-Alzheimer’s disease effects are lacking. This study aimed to identify the bioactive constituents of Liubao tea with varying storage durations and aroma profiles, and to further evaluate its neuroprotective potential against Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: Chromatography and spectrophotometry were employed to quantitatively determine the primary bioactive components in various Liubao tea samples. A D-galactose-induced Alzheimer’s disease zebrafish (Danio rerio) model was established to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of the aqueous extract of Liubao tea. Results: The contents of theabrownins, theaflavins, tea pigments, and catechins showed potential associations with the anti-AD capacity of Liubao tea. Variations in these bioactive components appeared to correlate with the neuroprotective activity. Conclusions: This study elucidates the anti-AD potential of aged Liubao tea and associates its characteristic constituents with neuroprotective effects. The findings provide essential theoretical support for developing Liubao tea as a promising natural product candidate worthy of further anti-AD research.