P1.048. 14 Years of Esophageal and Esophago-Gastric Junction Cancer Epidemiology in a National Cancer Center in México

Abstract

Abstract Topic Esophageal Cancer: Other Background In 2022, the incidence of esophageal cancer was 11th, and mortality was 7th place. Mexico is a middle-income country, and incidence and mortality are not among the top 10, but we do not have a national cancer register, and the information could be underestimated. Moreover, Mexico in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is first in obesity, and this is one of the main risk factors for adenocarcinoma, so we think the incidence of esophageal cancer could be higher than we think. Methods Retrospective study of patients diagnosed with esophageal and esophago-gastric junction (EGJ) cancer from January, 2011 to December, 2025. We used the 8th edition (AJCC) to separate esophageal and esophago-gastric junction from gastric cancer and determine the clinical stage. Descriptive statistics were used, and the Mean Overall Survival (MOS) and Overall Survival (OS) were calculated from the date of diagnosis to the date of death or the last follow-up. Kaplan-Meier was used to assess patients' survival, and subgroup differences were analyzed using the log-rank test in SPSS ver. 27. Results During the study period, 860 patients were admitted; 35 were excluded for incomplete data. A total of 825 patients were analyzed, including 706 (82.1%) with esophageal cancer and 119 (13.8%) with true esophagogastric junction tumors. There was a marked male predominance (79.9%), with a mean age of 61 ± 12.3 years (range 18–93). Major risk factors included family history of cancer (33.3%), tobacco use (54.2%), alcohol consumption (62.7%), and overweight/obesity (43.1%). The most common presenting symptoms were solid dysphagia (77.3%) and weight loss (83.5%). Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (39.2%) and squamous cell carcinoma (33.6%) were the main histologies. Most patients presented with advanced disease, predominantly stage IVB (51.2%) and stage III (31.9%). For survival analysis, 545 patients were followed for a mean of 15.7 months. Median overall survival was 11 months (95% CI, 9.8–12.1), and 5-year overall survival was 25.5%, decreasing progressively with advanced stage. Conclusion This study presents epidemiological data from a national cancer referral center in Mexico, where most patients were men with a mean age of 61 years. The main risk factors were tobacco and alcohol use, consistent with the predominance of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Notably, most patients were not obese despite Mexico's high obesity prevalence reported by the OECD. The majority were diagnosed at an advanced stage (IVB), which likely explains the poor overall survival observed in this population, and a high percentage (38%) of the patients lost follow-up.