National Cancer Institute

HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy Influence Tumor Microenvironment Architecture, Subclonal Evolution, and Immune Evasion Strategies in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and tumor heterogeneity shape prognosis and therapeutic response in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), but HIV-associated (HIV+) DLBCL remains poorly understood. To characterize the TIME and tumor-intrinsic features of DLBCL across a s...

Positive selection screen identifies natural product β-catenin inactivators

Many genetically validated targets in cancer, including the transcription factor β-catenin (β-cat), have historically been viewed as undruggable. Cell-based phenotypic screening of chemical compounds can reveal unanticipated biological and pharmacological principles. Natural prod...

Operationalizing fear of cancer recurrence care: a modified Delphi study establishing a consensus-based clinical pathway for Danish cancer survivors

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a prevalent concern among cancer survivors. Although evidence-based FCR guidelines exist, their implementation requires further operationalization. This study aimed to establish expert consensus on a clinical pathway to o...

FOCS-24: An integrated oncologic–functional endpoint and its preoperative nomogram after focal therapy for localized prostate cancer

Background and Objective Focal therapy (FT) seeks to balance prostate cancer (PCa) control with preservation of urinary and sexual function, yet most studies report these outcomes separately. We developed FOCS-24, a composite endpoint capturing full oncologic and functional recov...

Factors associated with early death among children and adolescents with cancer in Brazil: a nationwide registry-based study

This study aimed to identify sociodemographic, clinical, and care-related factors associated with early death in childhood and adolescent cancer patients in Brazil. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Brazilian Hospital Cancer Registry Integrator Databa...

Machine learning integrated explainable artificial intelligence in predicting toxicities of enfortumab vedotin in urothelial carcinoma: an exploratory study

Background Enfortumab vedotin (EV) therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma is limited by adverse events (AEs). Early identification of high-risk patients is needed. This proof-of-concept study evaluated whether machine learning (ML) with explainable AI (SHAP) could predict EV t...

Oral Fungal Infection Impacts Epithelial Innate Immunity to Promote Local and Distal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression

Abstract Fungi have been detected within human tumors and shown to support tumor progression. A better understanding of how intratumoral fungi evade innate immunity, remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME), and promote tumorigenesis may provide insights into cancer pathogenesis...

Adaptation and Usability of a Lifestyle Cancer Prevention Screener for US Populations: A Mixed Methods Study

Abstract Background: The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations provide evidence-based guidance on modifiable lifestyle factors associated with cancer risk. While a standardized scoring system exists to asse...

Regulation of the lncRNA NEAT1 by p53‐ ΔNp63 crosstalk modulates the DNA damage response and therapeutic efficacy in HNSCC

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are characterized by recurrent genetic alterations, including the inactivation of the tumor suppressor TP53 gene and dysregulation of the TP63 gene. The TP63 gene encodes multiple isoforms, among which the N-terminal truncated isofo...

KDM6A loss enhances oxidative phosphorylation uncovering tissue-level convergent evolution

Abstract The tumor suppressor KDM6A / UTX , a histone demethylase and a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, is frequently lost in many cancer types. We show that KDM6A loss pervasively activates oxidative phosphorylation in several solid tumors, generating a pseudo-hyperoxic en...

Transcriptome-based synthetic lethality predictions to improve targeted therapy/immunotherapy treatment prioritization in non-metastatic breast cancer: BC-SELECT

Abstract Patients with non-metastatic triple-negative (TNBC) or HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer do not have tools to predict treatment response or prioritize options prior to starting therapy. Pathologic complete response (pCR) is a proxy that requires neoadjuvant treatment....

A Prognostic Score for Predicting 30-Day Mortality After Gram negative Bloodstream Infection in Pediatric Patients with Hematological Malignancy

Abstract Background Patients with hematological malignancies (HMs) are at high risk of gram-negative bloodstream infections (GN-BSI) due to prolonged immunosuppression and neutropenia. These infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, often exceeding 30%....

Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Competency Determines Sensitivity to KIF18A Inhibition in Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Background: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by pervasive chromosomal instability (CIN) and remains largely refractory to targeted therapies. KIF18A, a motor protein that regulates chromosome alignment during mitosis, has emerged as a selective dependency in CIN-hig...

P1.048. 14 Years of Esophageal and Esophago-Gastric Junction Cancer Epidemiology in a National Cancer Center in México

Abstract Topic Esophageal Cancer: Other Background In 2022, the incidence of esophageal cancer was 11th, and mortality was 7th place. Mexico is a middle-income country, and incidence and mortality are not among the top 10, but we do not have a national cancer register, and the in...

P1.049. Horseshoe Intrathoracic Esophageal Leiomyoma Enucleation by Thoracoscopic-Endoscopic Cooperative Surgery (TECS) With Fluorescence to Preserve the Esophagus

Abstract Topic Benign Disease: Other Background Horseshoe intrathoracic esophageal leiomyoma is a rare benign smooth muscle tumor that partially or completely encircles the esophagus and may cause mass effect, dysphagia, or respiratory symptoms. Diagnosis is established by endosc...

Alcohol and tobacco in cancer: A unified framework of interaction across carcinogenic pathways and cancer types

Background Alcohol and tobacco are among the leading preventable causes of cancer worldwide and frequently co-occur. While both are well-established independent carcinogens, their combined effects remain insufficiently characterized and inconsistently interpreted across cancer ty...