Research Briefs

Medicine · Surgery

Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment

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Abstract editorial illustration accompanying the article: Review finds longer survival with added toxicity in four cancer types
Health & Medicine
High evidenceReview

Review finds longer survival with added toxicity in four cancer types

This systematic review examined randomized human trials of concurrent chemotherapy and radiation for locally advanced head and neck, cervical, esophageal, and non-small-cell lung cancers. Across the included trials, combined treatment was reported to provide better overall survival than radiation alone, but it also caused more severe short-term side effects. The review did not provide enough information in its abstract to show how many trials or patients were included.

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Abstract editorial illustration accompanying the article: Trial reports outcomes after local rectal surgery following chemoradiotherapy
Health & Medicine
Moderate evidenceHuman study

Trial reports outcomes after local rectal surgery following chemoradiotherapy

A prospective, multicenter phase II trial examined whether removing only the treated tumor area through the anus could preserve the rectum in people with locally advanced rectal cancer who responded well to chemoradiotherapy. Among 80 participants, three-year disease-free survival was 84.8%, and local recurrence occurred in 5.0% during the reported follow-up. Because everyone received local excision and there was no comparison group, the findings do not establish that this approach is as effective as more extensive surgery.

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Abstract editorial illustration accompanying the article: Review examines targeted immune-cell treatments in stomach and junction cancers
Health & Medicine
High evidenceReview

Review examines targeted immune-cell treatments in stomach and junction cancers

This systematic review examined seven early-phase human studies of treatments directed at the CLDN18.2 protein in gastric and gastroesophageal-junction cancers. Across 396 mostly previously treated patients, the studies reported tumor responses and frequent but generally low-grade cytokine release syndrome; the researchers said the results need confirmation in randomized trials.

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Abstract editorial illustration accompanying the article: Review suggests chemotherapy may improve overall survival in esophageal cancer
Health & Medicine
Moderate evidenceReview

Review suggests chemotherapy may improve overall survival in esophageal cancer

This review analyzed human studies comparing two treatments given before surgery for locally advanced esophageal or esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma: FLOT chemotherapy and CROSS chemoradiotherapy. The pooled estimate favored FLOT for overall survival, but the groups had similar three-year survival, tumor response, surgical margins, and several major perioperative outcomes.

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