Factors Influencing Older People's Disaster Preparedness Capacity: A Systematic Review

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction Although disaster preparedness is an important issue for older people as disasters can affect their health, daily functioning and access to support, factors influencing their disaster preparedness capacity have not been comprehensively reviewed. Accordingly, we aimed to systematically review these factors. Methods This review adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and focused on quantitative research that examined factors influencing older people's disaster preparedness capacity. We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and MEDLINE and identified 11 studies published up to September 2025 that met the inclusion criteria for final analysis. Results Individual, social and environmental factors were associated with older people's disaster preparedness capacity. Individual factors included demographic characteristics (age, education, income), health‐related factors (health status, cognitive function) and psychological factors (self‐efficacy, risk perception, prior disaster experience). Social factors included living arrangements, family discussions, community involvement and trust in local authorities and the media. Environmental factors included neighbourhood walkability, housing safety and access to information. Conclusion Older people's disaster preparedness capacity is influenced not only by individual functional and psychological conditions but also by social relationships and environmental conditions. A comprehensive nursing approach is needed to strengthen older people's disaster preparedness capacity by addressing individual capacities, as well as social and environmental factors. Implications for Practice Nurses should consider older people’s health, cognitive and functional needs, social support, home environment, and access to information when helping them prepare for disasters. Education should be tailored to each person's circumstances and, where appropriate, involve family members and community services. Registration Number PROSPERO: CRD420251148721.