Multi-omics insights into the mechanisms and prognosis of IPF

Abstract

Abstract Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents another progressive and devastating interstitial lung disease found across populations, with a prominent male predominance accounting for approximately 70% of cases. Regional variation in IPF-related genetic polymorphisms, especially in the Americas, Europe, and Asia, points to a hereditary basis. Family history is the main risk factor. Rare mutations may alter outcomes through gene interactions. Environmental factors such as smoking can worsen genetic risk by epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation. Unlike studies that focus narrowly on specific genetic variants or processes, this study integrates the genetic variation map, multi-omics regulatory networks, and the effects of environmental exposures in IPF. This links clinical decision-making and gene discovery. This study examines mechanisms, therapies, and prognoses to clarify the impact of epigenetics and genetics on disease development. It also proposes using a multi-gene risk score (MGRS) to predict outcomes and design targeted treatments. The research advances the translation of basic knowledge into therapies. Theoretical and clinical support can aid doctors treating IPF. Clinical trial number Not applicable.