A Social Work Perspective on Preparing for Retirement in Spain: Beyond the Economic Approach

Abstract

Population aging and labor market transformations pose urgent challenges in Spain that require a critical review of retirement preparation from a social work perspective. This article analyses such preparation through a qualitative policy analysis and narrative literature review based on legislation and reforms of the pension system in Spain (2011-2026). Drawing on the cultural biology framework of Humberto Maturana and Ximena Dávila, it examines how prevailing approaches prioritize financial sustainability and the extension of working life, whilst relegating the relational, emotional and community dimensions of retirement. The findings suggest that current strategies reinforce a cultural narrative linking identity to productivity, which hinders the experience of retirement as a meaningful stage of the life cycle. The article contributes to the international literature by offering a Southern European case that illustrates the limitations of economically driven retirement models. The article proposes a shift toward a comprehensive model of preparation that incorporates relational well-being, identity reconstruction and community participation, positioning gerontological social work as a fundamental pillar for ensuring healthy transitions.Population aging and labor market transformations pose challenges for retirement preparation in Spain. This article examines retirement preparation through qualitative policy analysis and a narrative literature review of pension legislation and reforms (2011-2026). Drawing on the cultural biology framework of Humberto Maturana and Ximena Dávila, findings indicate that current approaches prioritize financial sustainability and extended working lives while overlooking relational, emotional, and community dimensions. The article argues for a comprehensive preparation model incorporating relational well-being, identity reconstruction, and community participation, positioning gerontological social work as essential to supporting meaningful and healthy retirement transitions.