Applicability of Retzius striae in forensic anthropology: a systematic review

Abstract

Abstract Forensic Anthropology applies biological characteristics in legal contexts to estimate the biological profile of an unknown individual. In this regard, teeth stand out due to their resistance and ability to preserve valuable information over time. More specifically, microstructural records present in dental enamel, in the form of incremental markings known as Retzius striae, provide data on dental development and, consequently, on the individual. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the applicability of Retzius striae in Forensic Anthropology. A search was conducted using topic-related keywords across six different databases in Portuguese, Spanish, and English. Studies were selected according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological quality and risk of bias of the included studies were assessed. As a result, seven scientific studies addressing Retzius striae in contemporary human samples were identified. All investigations evaluated the striae using histological methods. Furthermore, all studies demonstrated a low risk of bias. Retzius striae have been investigated as markers for estimating age, sex, stature, and even body weight; however, the available evidence remains limited. Although they show potential, all these applications require further validation. Therefore, additional standardized and representative primary studies are necessary to ensure reliable and safe application in the forensic context.