Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine: a privileged scaffold for the synthesis of anti-Alzheimer’s agents

Abstract

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is known to be the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that results in dementia and causes a variety of cognitive symptoms. There are many important aspects of AD that should be considered, even though the exact sequence of events is unclear. These aspects include the cholinergic theory, the amyloid beta (Aβ) hypothesis, and the hyperphosphorylated tau protein that forms neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Furthermore, pyrazolo[3,4- b ]pyridine-based derivatives exhibited therapeutic potential on AD management. The causes of AD and all the reported possible options for pyrazolo[3,4- b ]pyridine derivatives for treating AD, together with their synthetic pathways, are the main highlights of this article, where such derivatives are reviewed from the reported data gathered without date restriction. Finally, a collective SAR study to explain the requirements to design a MTDL based on pyrazolo[3,4- b ]pyridine scaffold is also presented.