Predictors of Postsurgical Outcomes in Trigger Finger Release: A Retrospective Analysis

Abstract

Purpose This study aimed to examine factors associated with recurrent trigger finger and postoperative infection after trigger finger release (TFR) surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted to examine the variables that impact 4 postsurgical outcomes: postoperative corticosteroid injection, repeat surgery within 1 year, emergency department (ED) visits, and antibiotic use within 90 days. Variables examined included age, sex (male/female), race, body mass index, smoking status, and diabetes. We also analyzed hand and finger involvement, history of TFR, prior corticosteroid injection, and combined surgery with carpal tunnel release. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate for significant associations. Results A total of 609 fingers on 494 patients underwent TFR. Index fingers were significantly more likely to require repeat surgery within 1 year and ED visits within 90 days. Decreased age, prior history of TFR surgery, and non-White race were associated with increased odds of ED visits within 90 days. There were no significant associations with repeat injection or the need for antibiotics after surgery. Risk factors assessed in the diabetes subgroup analysis mirrored these results as a whole. Conclusions This study highlights several factors, such as age, body mass index, race, prior surgical history, and digit involvement, that may influence complication risk after TFR surgery. Although some risk factors are well established, others remain poorly defined. Improving identification of these risk factors can help surgeons personalize perioperative strategies based on individual risk, minimize unnecessary interventions, promote faster recovery, and support value-based care. Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic IV.