The success of dental implants in patients with systemic conditions. A retrospective clinical study

Abstract

Background Systemic alterations are highly prevalent in the population and may interfere with peri-implant repair. Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the association between systemic conditions with the loss of dental implants. Materials and methods This is a retrospective study following STROBE guidelines, including data from 602 medical records of patients who received dental implants between 2000 and 2017. Data on healthy status (presence or absence of disease or systemic conditions), use of prescribed medications (yes/no, and type), number of implants placed and lost, type of prosthetic rehabilitation, and follow-up period were collected, along with demographic data and local risk factor. Fisher's exact test assessed the association between systemic conditions and implant loss. Implant survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and compared by the log-rank test (Mantel-cox). Binary logistic regression estimated odds ratios and confidence intervals for factors associated with implant loss. Results A total of 1872 dental implants were placed, including 743 in healthy patients (success rate: 96.76%) and 1129 in systemically compromised patients (success rate: 97.60%), with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.1405). Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated similar implant survival rates between healthy and systemically compromised patients over a follow-up of 11 years (132 months, 93.84% and 94.92%, respectively). The curves showed substantial overlap, and no difference was observed (log-rank, p = 0.1566). The loss of implants was not associated with the presence of systemic condition or local factors (p > 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis identified predictors of implant loss, with the model explaining 5.24% of the variance (R 2 = 0.0524). A higher frequency of implant loss was observed in patients over 50 years of age, regardless of systemic status. Conclusion According to the methodology of this study, no association was observed between systemic conditions and dental implant loss.