A closer insight into the molecular effect of canagliflozin on gentamicin–induced nephrotoxicity in rats: Attention to SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1, p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways, and expression of miR-21 and miR-155.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Nephrotoxicity is considered the most detrimental effect of gentamicin (GM). In this study, we investigated the potential effects for canagliflozin (CANA) to protect against GM-induced nephrotoxicity, besides the multiple molecular pathways underlying these effects. METHODS: Four groups with six rats in each were used: (1) control; (2) GM (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) for 7 days; (3) CANA + GM group: Rats were given CANA (10 mg/kg, by oral gavage) for 14 days, and GM (100 mg/kg, by IP) was co-administered with CANA in the last 7 days; and (4) CANA group: Rats were given CANA (10 mg/Kg, by oral gavage) for 14 days. RESULTS: Relative to GM-challenged rats, CANA ameliorated GM-induced changes in the state of oxidative stress. Also, CANA alleviated the GM-evoked reduction in the renal expression of SIRT1 and Nrf2. Furthermore, CANA decreased the renal expression of NF-ҡB and reduced p38-MAPK levels in kidneys of GM-treated animals. Simultaneously, GM-induced changes in the renal expression of miR-21 and miR-155 have been successfully amended by CANA. CONCLUSION: Altogether, current outcomes imply that modification of the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1, the p38-MAPK/NF-ҡB pathways, and microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role adressing CANA's `protective properties against GM nephrotoxicity.